<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392</id><updated>2011-11-28T01:33:31.150+01:00</updated><category term='taxlab.org'/><category term='studenti'/><category term='rovigo2007'/><category term='ferrara2007'/><title type='text'>dirittotributario.eu</title><subtitle type='html'>Tax law blog of the University of Ferrara</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>474</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-2449272107368633672</id><published>2011-04-27T13:06:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-04-27T13:06:33.383+02:00</updated><title type='text'>L'Università di Ferrara in apogeo</title><content type='html'>Gentilissimi, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;e' con grande soddisfazione che vi comunico che l'Amministrazione del  nostro Ateneo è  risultata vincitrice per la categoria Università del "Premio Qualità della Pubblica Amministrazione".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Al Premio hanno concorso 243 Amministrazioni candidatesi da tutto il territorio nazionale e fra queste, le Università di Bologna, Trento, Trieste, Pisa e Firenze.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Le istituzioni  vincitrici sono state 15. L'Amministrazione dell'Università di Ferrara è stata la prima e l'unica finora ad aver conseguito l'ambito premio in tutto il sistema universitario italiano.&lt;br /&gt;Per questo motivo invito tutti ad essere orgogliosi del risultato conseguito, frutto di una lunga stagione di cambiamento organizzativo, intrapresa dal nostro Ateneo con il progetto "Efficienti perchè Pubblici" e che ha permesso di avere importanti ricadute sulla parte premiale del fondo di funzionamento ordinario.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Un grazie a tutti,&lt;br /&gt;Clara Coviello&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-2449272107368633672?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/2449272107368633672/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=2449272107368633672' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/2449272107368633672'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/2449272107368633672'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2011/04/luniversita-di-ferrara-in-apogeo.html' title='L&apos;Università di Ferrara in apogeo'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-3095879703163502407</id><published>2011-03-24T23:43:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-03-24T23:45:04.588+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Una nuova Euroimposta per  il settore ﬁnanziario ?</title><content type='html'>Non è una novità il fatto che la Commissione europea sia fortemente interessata  all'introduzione di una nuova imposta che vada a colpire le transazioni ﬁnanziarie. &lt;br /&gt;Questa volta però sembra che Bruxelles voglia fare su serio, almeno a giudicare  dall'agenda dei gruppi di studio e delle riunioni ad alto livello che si stanno susseguendo in  questi giorni nel tentativo di formalizzare una proposta unitaria in ambito europeo.&lt;br /&gt;Questa necessità, a dire il vero condivisa in sede di G-20 da pressoché tutti gli stati (con qualche riserva), è sentita da un lato come risposta alla crisi globale e ai peccati dell'alta  ﬁnanza al tempo stesso recuperando risorse spese e rendendo più costose operazioni  speculative in futuro. Insomma una tassa sul settore ﬁnanziario quia peccatum est et ne  peccetur: poiché si è peccato, e afﬁnché non si pecchi più.&lt;br /&gt;La condivisione dell'intento tuttavia non si è ancora tradotta in una proposta altrettanto  condivisa, né a livello globale e neppure a livello europeo: i singoli stati non la pensano  allo stesso modo.&lt;br /&gt;Nel tentativo di superare l'empasse la Commissione europea ha emesso una  comunicazione al Parlamento europeo (COM 2010 549/5)  e un correlato working document (SEC 2010 1166/3) ﬁnalizzati a fare il punto sulla situazione e a evidenziare  l'opportunità di lavorare su linee di policy condivise dall'IMF in materia di FAT (Financial  Activity Tax).&lt;br /&gt;Questa nuova forma di prelievo, da immaginarsi condivisa a livello globale dalle econome  più sviluppate, andrebbe ad incidere sulle società che operano nel settore ﬁnanziario, colpendo strutturalmente i proﬁtti realizzati.&lt;br /&gt;L'incidenza effettiva di questo tributo è ancora da stabilire (anche in ragione della possibilità di applicare aliquote più elevate a fronte di proﬁtti generati attraverso operazioni speculative maggiormente rischiose), ma il fondo monetario internazionale stima che, prendendo a base le 22 economie più sviluppate, questa forma di prelievo potrebbe generare oggi un ﬂusso pari a 75 miliardi di Euro complessivamente intesi, seppure distribuiti da stato a stato in ragione del maggiore o minore sviluppo del settore ﬁnanziario e dei servizi ad esso collegati. &lt;br /&gt;E' soprattutto in ragione di questa asimmetria nell'impatto dell'imposta che ancora oggi si registrano particolari resistenze da parte degli Stati che, per questo motivo, diverrebbero maggior contribuenti di un tributo candidato divenire risorsa propria dell'Unione anche se, è stato fatto notare, l'applicazione della FAT in ambito europeo si innesterebbe senza problemi particolari su un tessuto economico che ancora oggi beneﬁcia estensivamente dell'esenzione IVA. In questo senso la FAT diverrebbe anche una forma di prelievo volta a compensare il mancato gettito IVA sulle attività ﬁnanziarie. Non è ancora chiaro, però, come questo prelievo possa fare sistema con le altre tasse applicate nelle diverse economie del G-20, e non è neppure chiaro come questa forma di prelievo, intrinsecamente globale e transnazionale (diverrebbe così la prima imposta globalizzata) possa interagire con il ﬁtto network di convenzioni internazionali contro le doppie imposizioni già in vigore e che magari possono già adesso prevedere disposizioni discordanti. &lt;br /&gt;Insomma si tratta di una pagina ancora tutta da scrivere, ma per la quale, questa volta, non sembra mancare né la volontà politica né le proposte tecniche ed operative: l'appuntamento è per l'estate 2011, momento entro il quale la Commissione formulerà una proposta completa ed esaustiva in merito, terminata la fase di confronto di questi giorni.&lt;br /&gt;Si tratterebbe di una svolta davvero epocale per la ﬁscalità e la ﬁnanza internazionale: se qualche decennio fa alcuni analisti paventavano un futuro fatto di "Nazioni senza ricchezza, ricchezze senza nazione", ora almeno si cerca di dare a quei capitali, se non una nazione, almeno una imposta.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-3095879703163502407?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/3095879703163502407/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=3095879703163502407' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/3095879703163502407'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/3095879703163502407'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2011/03/una-nuova-euroimposta-per-il-settore.html' title='Una nuova Euroimposta per  il settore ﬁnanziario ?'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-2104645299579526093</id><published>2011-03-13T17:53:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-03-13T17:54:35.594+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Cartelle di pagamento nulle senza espressa delega di Riscossione spa (e senza sottoscrizione)</title><content type='html'>Una cartella di pagamento emessa da un Agente della riscossione (nel caso, Gestline spa) è inesistente se l'agente stesso l'ha notificata in assenza di una espressa delega funzionale a tal fine emessa nel suoi confronti da Riscossione spa. Inoltre, dal momento che la cartella svolge nel procedimento di riscossione tributario lo stesso effetto del precetto nel processo civile, ne deriva che essa debba rispettare tutte le formalità di questo, ivi incluso l'obbligo di sottoscrizione: in assenza di tale requisito l'atto è inesistente.&lt;br /&gt;E' sostanzialmente questa la posizione assunta da una recentissima sentenza (depositata il 22 febbraio 2011) della Commissione tributaria regionale del veneto (n.10, sez. XXV, Relatore RIGOLIN, Presidente RISI) che facendo propria la posizione già da tempo assunta dalla dottrina, e dalla brillante difesa del contribuente nel caso di specie, ha fermato una tendenza dell'Amministrazione tesa a considerare come meramente programmatiche (e non direttamente vincolanti) numerose norme sul procedimento tributario e dello Statuto del contribuente.&lt;br /&gt;Secondo la Commissione tributaria regionale del Veneto, in seguito alla riforma della riscossione attuata con d.l. 203 del 2005 (poi convertito in legge 248 dello stesso anno) il legislatore ha inteso conferire il potere di riscossione all'Agenzia delle Entrate, che lo esercita mediante Riscossione spa (partecipata altresì dall'INPS). Si tratterebbe però, secondo i giudici veneti, di una delega privativa nei confronti delle società che prima sul territorio curavano la riscossione (ora agenti di riscossione di Equitalia) che quindi non possono più procedere in questo senso se non tramite una espressa delega di funzioni da parte di Equitalia. L'agente nel caso di specie aveva ritenuto non necessaria tale delega in quanto, per così dire, assorbita dal rapporto partecipativo di Equitalia nel suo capitale sociale (partecipazione per converso non ritenuta sufficiente dalla Commissione regionale per fondare il potere dell'agente).&lt;br /&gt;Sempre secondo il Collegio veneto, poi, la cartella di pagamento ora riassume in sé le caratteristiche del precetto nel procedimento di esecuzione regolato dal Codice civile: ne consegue allora che ne deve rispettare anche tutti i requisiti, primo fra tutti l'obbligo della sottoscrizione. In assenza di questa l'atto è inesistente e privo di effetti per il contribuente. Si tratta di una presa di posizione non isolata nel panorama giurisprudenziale italiano, ma sicuramente condivisibile nella misura in cui promuove una tutela del contribuente autentica ed effettiva, a fronte di letture di norme statutarie volte tutte a considerare come mere irregolarità le omissioni che invece la Regionale del veneto ha promosso a condizioni di validità per l'atto di riscossone. Per Equitalia, un richiamo al rispetto della legge, per il contribuente, una conferma che non "c'è pure un giudice a Berlino", ma anche a Venezia.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-2104645299579526093?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/2104645299579526093/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=2104645299579526093' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/2104645299579526093'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/2104645299579526093'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2011/03/cartelle-di-pagamento-nulle-senza.html' title='Cartelle di pagamento nulle senza espressa delega di Riscossione spa (e senza sottoscrizione)'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-4511288674014442615</id><published>2010-07-19T09:03:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2010-07-19T09:08:10.126+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='studenti'/><title type='text'>Prova scritta del 15 luglio 2010</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://web.mac.com/marcogreggi/iWeb/Seminars/RSM_files/logo_unife_isolato.png"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 56px; height: 50px;" src="http://web.mac.com/marcogreggi/iWeb/Seminars/RSM_files/logo_unife_isolato.png" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gentili studenti di laurea magistrale / specialistica, i vostri compiti scritti sono stati valutati.&lt;br /&gt;Ciascuno di voi ha ricevuto una mail al suo indirizzo istituzionale con l'indicazione del voto e altre informazioni.&lt;br /&gt;Ora ciascuno di voi deve ACCETTARE oppure RIFIUTARE il voto.&lt;br /&gt;Secondo quando previsto dall'Ateneo, una volta che tutti avranno accettato o rifiutato, il verbale sarà chiuso e il voto comparirà sul vostro libretto online.&lt;br /&gt;Avete 7 giorni di tempo per effettuare la scelta, ma vi raccomando di decidere il prima possibile.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Non&lt;/span&gt; mi è stato possibile caricare in anagrafica il voto dei seguenti studenti:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;1) ROBERTA DONI&lt;br /&gt;2) ELISA MEDICI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;che non si sono registrate e le cui credenziali sono state rifiutate dal sistema.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-4511288674014442615?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/4511288674014442615/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=4511288674014442615' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/4511288674014442615'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/4511288674014442615'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2010/07/prova-scritta-del-15-luglio-2010.html' title='Prova scritta del 15 luglio 2010'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-4481745698513731273</id><published>2010-07-05T09:59:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2010-07-05T10:01:31.646+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Seminario a Bologna</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/TDGRT8TtjSI/AAAAAAAACm8/SOHcRs5m5SU/s1600/dipi_brochure_01.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 142px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/TDGRT8TtjSI/AAAAAAAACm8/SOHcRs5m5SU/s200/dipi_brochure_01.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5490329192533691682" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FUNZIONI E TUTELE NELLA RISCOSSIONE DELLE IMPOSTE dopo il d.l. 78/2010&lt;br /&gt;9 luglio 2010 ore 15.00 Facoltà di Giurisprudenza Via Belmeloro, 14 – Bologna&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Scarica la brochure da &lt;a href="https://docs.google.com/fileview?id=0B09rgayGOgEoOGEzNTExNzEtNzEzNC00MzQ1LTgwZTMtNDg3ZDA3ZDZjNDU0&amp;hl=it"&gt;qui&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-4481745698513731273?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/4481745698513731273/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=4481745698513731273' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/4481745698513731273'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/4481745698513731273'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2010/07/seminario-bologna.html' title='Seminario a Bologna'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/TDGRT8TtjSI/AAAAAAAACm8/SOHcRs5m5SU/s72-c/dipi_brochure_01.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-8940515549035311160</id><published>2010-06-19T15:23:00.003+02:00</published><updated>2010-06-19T15:27:57.838+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Esame del 18/06/2010 ESITO DEGLI SCRITTI</title><content type='html'>Gentili studenti, ho terminato la valutazione di tutti gli scritti presentati in data 18 giugno 2010. Ciascuno di voi ha ricevuto o la valutazione del compito o un link ove è possibile rilevare il giudizio.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;La registrazione è possibile MARTEDI' prossimo alle ore 11.00 presso il mio studio.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Terminata la registrazione sul libretto chiuderò il VERBALE.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Se intendete rinunciare al voto perché non conforme alle vostre aspettative, dovete comunicarlo &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;entro quella data&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;Sempre fino a quella data, non potrete vedere il voto sul vostro libretto online perché la visualizzazione del voto sul libretto online è possibile solo &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;DOPO&lt;/span&gt; la chiusura del verbale ... che mi sarà possibile effettuare solo &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;DOPO&lt;/span&gt; che ciascuno di voi avrà accettato o rifiutato il voto, cosa che mi sara possibile sapere solo &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;DOPO&lt;/span&gt; marted alle 11.00.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-8940515549035311160?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/8940515549035311160/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=8940515549035311160' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/8940515549035311160'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/8940515549035311160'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2010/06/esame-del-18062010-esito-degli-scritti.html' title='Esame del 18/06/2010 ESITO DEGLI SCRITTI'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-2604230983987783503</id><published>2010-06-17T17:47:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2010-06-17T17:48:04.419+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Il Territorio Fiscale</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="640" height="385"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/ddwVhWNfIU8&amp;hl=it_IT&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/ddwVhWNfIU8&amp;hl=it_IT&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="640" height="385"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-2604230983987783503?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/2604230983987783503/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=2604230983987783503' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/2604230983987783503'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/2604230983987783503'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2010/06/il-terriotorio-fiscale.html' title='Il Territorio Fiscale'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-2783353709390302753</id><published>2010-06-13T23:40:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2010-06-13T23:41:36.658+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Liberi perchè responsabili</title><content type='html'>Il Prof. Nappi chiude così la sua campagna elettorale per le elezioni a Rettore in Ferrara.&lt;br /&gt;In bocca al lupo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Un decalogo per il nostro futuro&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;1. Preservare l’autonomia dell’Università: l’Università, soprattutto se pubblica, deve salvaguardare la libertà della didattica e della ricerca, valore fondante la possibilità di assolvere pienamente l’importante compito che ci è stato assegnato. L’Ateneo deve garantire la pluralità dei saperi e riconoscere pari dignità e pari opportunità alle diverse materie esaltandone l’eterogeneità e le caratteristiche distintive. Contemporaneamente l’Ateneo deve riconoscere il merito e le eccellenze ed impegnarsi a valorizzarli in modo imparziale. Occorre contrastare con l’esempio l’idea che l’Università sia un luogo di privilegio e di conservazione di posizioni di potere. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;2. L’Università non è un’azienda: le facoltà e i dipartimenti devono vedersi garantite e tutelate la propria identità culturale e la propria autonomia scientifica. Lo studente e la ricerca non sono “prodotti” di mercato. La formazione deve essere innanzitutto finalizzata alla crescita culturale e professionale degli studenti, nella consapevolezza che ciò realizza anche il fine di contribuire a realizzare il progresso culturale, civile ed economico della collettività. Farò tutto il possibile per garantire ai ricercatori, strutturati e precari, la libertà della ricerca e pari opportunità di accesso ai finanziamenti. E’ mia intenzione recuperare i docenti all'Università, riportando al centro dell'attività universitaria le funzioni docenti nella loro interezza: produzione di conoscenza e diffusione di conoscenza.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;3. L’Università è una istituzione democratica: credo fortemente nella collegialità rappresentativa, l’unica che consente che le decisioni siano assunte considerando pienamente le istanze dei diversi soggetti coinvolti e attribuendo loro il diritto al contraddittorio. Gli organi accademici sono l’unica  sede dove devono formarsi le decisioni; essi devono agire nel pieno rispetto delle regole statutarie, anche per quanto riguarda gli attuali rapporti tra senato accademico e CdA.  Dobbiamo adottare un codice deontologico che preveda possibili situazioni di conflitto e di interesse e che meglio delinei le scelte etiche fondamentali nell’esercizio delle nostre attività. Il ddl Gelmini diverrà sicuramente legge dello Stato ed io offro a tutti voi la competenza mia personale e quella di tanti valenti colleghi giuristi per dare a quella legge una attuazione il più possibile corrispondente alle caratteristiche ed alle istanze della nostra Università.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Il centro dell'Università sono i dipartimenti, dove si svolgono didattica e ricerca, dove si lavora a contatto con gli studenti. L’Ateneo deve essere un centro “leggero”, di coordinamento, di monitoraggio e soprattutto di sostegno e solidarietà. Reputo che le risorse debbano essere allocate principalmente là dove vengono svolte le attività istituzionali e, quindi, nei dipartimenti. Occorre investire sulla formazione del personale dei dipartimenti in modo da renderli maggiormente efficienti ed autonomi nella amministrazione ordinaria e nella gestione dei rapporti con i terzi.&lt;br /&gt;Un decentramento mirato che consenta di recuperare e rendere effettiva la capacità di autodeterminazione dei dipartimenti. Indubbiamente, peraltro, molti uffici e molti servizi dovranno continuare ad essere unici per tutta l’Università e dovranno essere posti al centro, in Ateneo, e semmai potenziati, come ad esempio l’ufficio ricerca internazionale o l’ufficio brevetti.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Occorre migliorare la  qualità dell'offerta  formativa  e  i risultati dei processi formativi. A tal fine si deve determinare l'offerta formativa effettivamente sostenibile sulla base dei requisiti posseduti, coniugando la numerosità degli iscritti con la qualità della didattica impartita. E’ necessario potenziare l’apparato organizzativo che renda effettiva la libera circolazione degli studenti; l’internazionalizzazione delle attività di didattica, attraverso percorsi mirati a privilegiare la dimensione internazionale e il potenziamento dei programmi di mobilità e delle collaborazioni con le università straniere. Particolare attenzione alle attività di supporto e tutoraggio sia al fine di elevare la qualità della didattica, sia al fine di ridurre la durata della carriera degli studenti.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;6. Occorre migliorare la qualità, l'efficacia e l'efficienza delle sedi didattiche. Migliorare i servizi agli studenti, anche aumentando gli orari di agibilità degli spazi destinati agli studenti all’interno delle strutture universitarie. Destinare risorse alla manutenzione delle sedi didattiche per curare non solo la sicurezza e l’agibilità, ma anche l’immagine e il decoro delle strutture. Dotare il maggior numero possibile di aule di supporti audio visivi. Completare e perfezionare i servizi informatici per gli studenti. La città sta finalmente mostrando di cogliere pienamente le opportunità di essere una sede universitaria; l’indotto dell’Università sulla città è tale da imporre l’individuazione di più efficaci politiche integrate tra città e università. Mi impegno quindi ad incrementare le forme convenzionali con i soggetti presenti sul territorio per andare incontro alle esigenze degli studenti, soprattutto dei fuori sede. Il trasferimento del triennio clinico della Facoltà di medicina a Cona sarà il primo, fondamentale banco di prova sul quale impegnare immediatamente e con forza la  politica della nostra Università nei rapporti con gli enti territoriali e con l’AUO, al fine di realizzare un efficiente ed assistito polo didattico.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. Mantenere alta la qualità della ricerca scientifica. Garantisco un intenso e costante impegno nel reperire fonti di finanziamento. Valuto il CFR un'importante realtà dell'ateneo, che permette  ai nostri ricercatori di reperire e utilizzare in modo efficiente  importanti fondi di ricerca. Ciò detto, intendo potenziare l'ufficio ricerche e semplificare le procedure amministrative, anche individuando soluzioni giuridiche da affiancare alla partecipazione di Unife al CFR. E’ necessario aumentare i finanziamenti per la dotazione ordinaria dei dipartimenti; ciò consentirà anche di recuperare pienamente la funzione propria del F.A.R. Nel bilancio preventivo 2011 dovrà apparire fin dall’inizio lo stanziamento per il F.A.R.  E’ necessario garantire maggiori finanziamenti al Sistema Bibliotecario di Ateneo. Occorre una maggiore internazionalizzazione della ricerca: è fondamentale che i gruppi di ricerca più attivi continuino la loro partecipazione ai progetti UE. Per facilitare tale partecipazione è necessario garantirne una gestione professionale, quindi l’Ateneo si deve impegnare sul fronte di una efficace assistenza di carattere amministrativo grazie ad una formazione specifica del personale. E’ necessario completare il percorso di revisione organizzativa dei dottorati di ricerca, migliorando i percorsi di formazione in modo da allinearli a standard qualitativi di livello internazionale ed esaltando il ruolo svolto dallo IUSS, di coordinamento delle modalità organizzative e del funzionamento dei corsi, di stimolo all’internazionalizzazione attraverso il finanziamento di borse riservate a studenti stranieri. Alle tre Scuole di dottorato deve essere garantita la possibilità di articolare percorsi di formazione dottorale diversi, spendibili sia nel settore della ricerca di base che nell’ambito della ricerca applicata.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;8. Tutelare attivamente il merito dei nostri ricercatori. Compatibilmente con le risorse finanziarie, mi impegno a tutelare le aspettative che i nostri ricercatori fondano sul proprio merito. Le proposte di reclutamento devono essere effettuate dai Consigli delle Facoltà sulla base di una programmazione attenta e responsabile; gli organi di governo accademico devono procedere ad una distribuzione delle risorse condivisa, equilibrata ed equa. Reputo prioritario che l’Ateneo utilizzi nella massima misura concessa la “finestra” di sei anni offerta dal DDL Gelmini per procedere alla chiamata diretta di professori di ruolo di prima e di seconda fascia riservata al personale già in servizio nell’ateneo (art. 15). Ciò consentirà di riconoscere ai professori associati e ai ricercatori ferraresi a tempo indeterminato che abbiano conseguito l’abilitazione nazionale di veder riconoscere il ruolo corrispondente a livello locale; tale politica consentirà anche di attenuare la competizione che si verificherà quando – tra sei anni – i ricercatori a tempo determinato potranno accedere anch’essi alla chiamata diretta (come previsto dall’art. 18). In questa ottica, al fine di consentire ai nostri ricercatori di poter dedicare alle attività di ricerca il tempo necessario e maturare contemporaneamente l’esperienza didattica richiesta per affrontare l’abilitazione nazionale, si potrebbe considerare l’attribuzione di un numero minimo facoltativo di crediti di didattica ma soprattutto l’introduzione di un limite massimo di crediti. Particolare attenzione dovrà essere comunque rivolta alla tutela della posizione degli universitari che prestano attività assistenziale, per garantire il loro diritto alla parità di trattamento rispetto alla componente ospedaliera. La Facoltà medica dovrà essere coinvolta nell’individuazione dei dirigenti dell’azienda.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;9. Recuperare il rapporto interno alla amministrazione e tra quest’ultima e il corpo docente: il ruolo del personale TA deve essere di attiva collaborazione con il personale docente nel realizzare le attività universitarie e non certo di sudditanza. Gli iter amministrativi devono essere alleggeriti e semplificati. La valutazione deve essere effettuata sulle attività effettivamente svolte e occorre garantire a tutti una formazione mirata, governando equamente le progressioni orizzontali. Occorre riconoscere il merito del gruppo, non solo di chi lo dirige. E’ assolutamente necessario recuperare il senso proprio e profondo delle consultazioni e della condivisione con le categorie ed i soggetti coinvolti. In particolare, la figura del DA deve essere condivisa. Bisogna riconoscere pienamente al Consiglio del pta le competenze che ad esso assegna l’attuale statuto e vigilare che lo statuto che siamo chiamati a riscrivere per adeguarci al ddl Gelmini non segni passi indietro ma garantisca la presenza rappresentativa del pta negli organi accademici, assicurando l’ascolto e il coinvolgimento di chi lavora all’interno dell’Università.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;10. Il Rettore deve impegnarsi ad operare all’interno della CRUI affinché essa rappresenti con forza al Ministero le caratteristiche e le esigenze degli atenei medio-piccoli. Talvolta gli elementi valutati dal Ministero ci penalizzano, come avviene ad esempio per la numerosità degli studenti, individuata in base alle immatricolazioni e agli studenti iscritti al secondo anno, senza dare il dovuto peso ai trasferimenti (molto consistenti in alcuni corsi di laurea di Unife).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Ferrara, 11 giugno 2010&lt;br /&gt;Pasquale Nappi&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-2783353709390302753?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/2783353709390302753/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=2783353709390302753' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/2783353709390302753'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/2783353709390302753'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2010/06/liberi-perche-responsabili.html' title='Liberi perchè responsabili'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-5816431487625518748</id><published>2010-06-11T16:59:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2010-06-11T17:03:07.947+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Qualche informazione in più sull'esame ...</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;SCRITTO O ORALE ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Sui servizi (marco Greggi) l'esame è scritto. Per quanto riguarda magistrale e specialistica il Prof. Di Pietro lascia lo studente libero di scegliere se scritto o orale&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;QUALI PARTI DEL LIBRO POSSONO SOPLO ESSERE LETTE ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Indicativamente le prime 80 pagine, fino alla riserva di legge esclusa (che va studiauta).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;PERCHE' QUESTE COSE NON SONO GIA' IN RETE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Perché il sistema software del portale ci impedisce di scrivere "esame a scelta libera" ma solo Scritto/Orale. Di qui molte delle incertezze.&lt;br /&gt;Per quanto riguarda le pagine da leggere, l'ho detto molte volte a lezione e speravo che ogni studente di Ferrara fosse venuto almeno a una lezione, una qualsiasi ...&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-5816431487625518748?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/5816431487625518748/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=5816431487625518748' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/5816431487625518748'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/5816431487625518748'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2010/06/qualche-informazione-in-piu-sullesame.html' title='Qualche informazione in più sull&apos;esame ...'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-4110747858083438929</id><published>2010-05-27T22:09:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2010-05-27T22:11:19.586+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='studenti'/><title type='text'>Quando torna per firmare</title><content type='html'>Cari studenti e studenti erasmus,&lt;br /&gt;Sono all'estero per ricerche e didattica. &lt;br /&gt;Torno a Ferrara il 7 giugno per esami, e sarò in facoltà alle 13.00.&lt;br /&gt;Se avete learning agreement da firmare o per altri motivi mi potete trovare in quel giorno e a quell'ora.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-4110747858083438929?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/4110747858083438929/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=4110747858083438929' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/4110747858083438929'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/4110747858083438929'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2010/05/quando-torna-per-firmare.html' title='Quando torna per firmare'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-1052599982891367914</id><published>2010-05-20T23:30:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2010-05-20T23:30:57.340+02:00</updated><title type='text'>International Double Taxation and methods of its elimination (J.</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="5"&gt;International Double Taxation &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="5"&gt;and methods of its elimination &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;i&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;n the view of the OECD&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt; Model Convention with respect to taxes on income and on capital&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Cite as - J. Mathias, International Double Taxation and Methods of its Elimination, dirittotributario.eu Working Papers, 2010, n.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Joanna Mathias&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Taxes have always been one of the attributes of the State power and as a result, f&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;iscal jurisdiction is often the most aggressively guarded jurisdiction of a nation.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&amp;nbsp; Taxes are the main income for a State, they help to develop the economy, stabilise the intern market, they play a big role in state budget. Considering all these factors it is clear how important they are for every country. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The problem has started with &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;the civilisation and economic development which initiated the&amp;nbsp; formation of the global sales network and &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;transborder&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; exchange of goods, capitals, services and workers. The States are willing to tax every income of its nationals, also the ones made abroad. At the same time, they don&amp;#39;t want to resign from taxing the gainings achieved on their territory by aliens.&amp;nbsp; It is based on the theory that the State has every right to tax the incomes that are made on its territory, no matter if its subject is a State national or not.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;That way of thinking causes the crossing and overlapping of intern ways of taxation and usually create so called international double taxation, which issue I will develop further on the next pages.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Nowadays, states usually decide to base their tax system on two conceptions: &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="symbol"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;the theory of the residence or nationality, or&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="symbol"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;the theory of the source&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The theory of the residence&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;That conception is based on the subjective criterion. It stands, that every income of taxpayers persons that has the place of residence or seat in the territory of the state is taxed, no matter where the income was made. It is called as unlimited tax duty.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;There are several criteria that decide if the &amp;ldquo;residence&amp;rdquo; occurred:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;1)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;individuals:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;- citizenship&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;- place of living&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;- place of having business&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;2)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;juridical persons:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;- place of registration&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;- place of residence&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The theory of the source&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The objective theory. In that case, state taxes every income that was made on its territory, no matter where is the residence of the taxpayer person. In the doctrine it is called as limited tax duty.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The phenomenon of international double taxation appears when two countries are using both ways of taxation. This practice causes the situation when the same person is obliged to pay taxes to two states for the same income.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Doctrine distinguish two kinds of double taxation: law double taxation and economic double taxation.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The law double taxation is usually defined by the international tax law specialists as imposing similar taxes in two or more States, on the same taxpayer, from the same title and for the same period. It means that the law double taxation could only appear when there occur jointly five factors:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="symbol"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;tax is imposed by two different (or more) countries&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="symbol"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;identity of the subject of taxation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="symbol"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;identity of the object of taxation &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="symbol"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;identity of the taxed period&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="symbol"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;similarity of taxes&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;There are three situations in which that kind of double taxation may happen:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;1.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;a taxpayer has seats in two States so in both appears the unlimited tax duty,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;2.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;a taxpayer has a residence in one country and makes income in the other one, so in the first one he is paying because of the residence criterion and in the other on the base of the source rule, or&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;3.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;a taxpayer has an establishment in one country, which makes income in the other one, in the situation when a taxpayer is a resident of none of them (limited tax duty in two countries)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The economic double taxation, on the other hand, appears in the situation when there is&amp;nbsp; the lack of identity of subjects but still the same income or capital is taxed. The difference between these two types of double taxation depends from which point of view we are contemplating this phenomenon.&amp;nbsp; In the law double taxation the attention is focused on the subject of taxation which is the taxpayer obliged to pay taxes to two or more different States. In the economic double taxation the pressure is put on the object of taxation, which is one income which is taxed twice.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;That kind of taxation could be well illustrated by the example of an enterprise which has the residence in one country and department in another one. The company makes an income in the state of residence and then send money to the department as a dividend. Gainings are taxed twice: first time by the state of residence, because that is the place where the income was made, second time in the state of department as dividends. It happens that way, because dividends are treated as a kind of income.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;International law does not ban the double taxation, in spite of the fact that it aggravates the participation of foreign individuals and companies in international market. It is consider to have very negative and harmful influence on the world economy and because of that, is definitely undesirable. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;There are several ways in limiting this phenomenon and they could be classified as&amp;nbsp; unilateral, bilateral and multilateral.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Unilateral measures are the ones introduced by the state itself. They consist in&amp;nbsp; changing the intern law due to facilitate the international trade by giving some special advantages to individuals or enterprises, who are taking part in interstate exchange of goods. There are three possible methods: exemption, deduction or tax credit. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The exemption is used when that was proved that the income made abroad is taxed in other country on the same basis and that country is acting on mutual terms, but only if a special contract between states does not state differently. That solution is in my opinion the most profitable and at the same time the easiest for taxpayer. He simply pays taxes in one country, without having any issues in the other one. This method could be used as full exemption or as progressive exemption. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The deduction method consist in considering duties taxed by foreign state as expenses which could be withhold from the general taxed income. Here, taxpayer has to pay twice but he shouldn&amp;#39;t be loosing anything.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Last method, which is called as tax credit, also consist in dividing a paid duty among two states. In that situation, the tax paid abroad is being accepted as a part of intern taxes. It means that the taxpayer is exempted from the part of taxes which he had paid in another state.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;It is obvious, that unilateral measures are not enough to eliminate the phenomenon of double taxation. They have usually facultative character, which means that they are only used when there are no international treaties between states, concerning that issue. The main problem with that intern solutions is based on a big liquidity of the state tax system and the lack of plain norms in it. What is more, there are also differences in defining legal expressions, which vary from state to state. In these conditions the need to regulate the taxes rules on international area became very burning.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Here, I&amp;#39;m moving to bilateral and multilateral ways to limit a double taxation. The best solution would be to create an international treaty concerning the problem and have it sign by all states. It would unify the structure of duty&amp;#39;s systems all over the world and bring some plain and equal rules of taxation in every country. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Unfortunately the creation of multilateral convention in the subject of taxes was never carried out. It seems really impossible because of the specificity of the problem, which is indeed the division of tax influences. It is very doubtful if many states would agree to sign at one time the treaty that determines equally their relationships with various international partners. Also the practice of signing treaties by several countries is rather rare. Poland has never agreed to be a part of any.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;All described factors effected in the development of bilateral contracts between states, which is definitely the most comfortable way to&amp;nbsp; determine the tax rules which oblige citizens of both of them.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;First bilateral treaties were signed in XIX century. Since twenties of XX&amp;nbsp; century there have been several trials to create a model of convention. Its scope would be to construct a skeleton, an example how the tax treaty should be build, which provisions should be inserted to make a contact complete. Another, very important aim was to unify the terms, definitions and vocabulary concerning tax law.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The time showed how difficult task it is to write that kind of model convention. First one was created in 1928 based on the work of the League of Nations, second, called Mexican version, in 1943 in Mexico, third in London in 1946. In spite of being a model for several bilateral treaties, none of them was fully accepted and respected.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Then in 1963 was created a model convention which was a breakthrough. It was called&amp;nbsp; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Model Convention with respect to taxes on income and on capital and was accepted by The Council of &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Since then the model has gained a wide influence on negotiating, constructing and interpreting bilateral contracts. It gained even the bigger impact when in created in 1980&amp;nbsp; model tax treaty for developing countries by the United Nations, there were put some of regulations from the Model Convention of OECD. It made it possible to harmonise contracts to avoid double taxation with benefits for both: taxpayers and state&amp;#39;s administration.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;To the convention from 1963 there was elaborate the Commentary, which as well as model itself, is being periodically amended.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;First title of the Convention (first draft from 1963 and then update from 1977) included a reference to the elimination of double taxation. However, due to the fact that the model does not deal exclusively with the problem of international double taxation, but also addresses other issues, such as prevention of tax evasion and non-discrimination, it was decided to introduce shorter title, which didn&amp;#39;t&amp;nbsp; include that reference. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The Convention applies&amp;nbsp; to all taxpayers who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States (Art. 1). According to Art. 4 from Chapter II, were all useful definitions are inserted, the resident is &amp;ldquo;(...)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management or any other criterion of a similar nature&amp;rdquo;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The model occupies with the taxes on income and capital, which are described briefly in Art. 2. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;To reach the scope of eliminating double taxation, the Convention establish two categories of rules. First, Art. 6 to 21 determine, with regard to different classes of income, the relative rights to tax of the State of residence and of the State of source. Art. 22 does the same regards capital. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The Convention creates tree classes in which the income or capital in the State of source could be classified: &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="symbol"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;income and capital may be taxed without any limitation in the State of source,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;for example: profits of a permanent establishment situated in that state, income from immovable properties situated in that state or a capital representing it;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="symbol"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;income that may be subjected to limited taxation in the State of source,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;for example: dividends or interests;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="symbol"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;income that may not be taxed in the State of source, instead is all taxed in the State of residence.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;In this category there is the rest of incomes and capital, for example: royalties, business profits that do not derive from permanent establishment in the State of source, private sector pensions, etc.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;As classification above shows, model generally allocates the primary right to tax to the country from which capital investment originates (resident country) rather than the country in which the investment is made (source country). As a result, it is most effective as between two countries with reciprocal investment flows (such as among the OECD member countries), but can be very unbalanced when one of the signatory countries is economically weaker than the other (such as between OECD and non-OECD pairings).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; In that kind of situation the model clearly favours countries that are stronger economically. Why? I will try to illustrate that reference on&amp;nbsp; the example. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Usually abroad invest companies from states on higher level of development. They have a permanent establishment in their origin country and they are just making businesses, which obviously gives them&amp;nbsp; gainings, in the other, usually economically weaker state. Clearly, both sides benefits: the company makes income with lower cost (as in less developed countries investing is less expensive: labour, means of production) and the country of investment develops. The problem begins when it comes to taxes. As Art 7 &amp;sect; 1 of the Model Convention states: &amp;ldquo;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein&amp;rdquo;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The taxes from income made by that company will be paid on the whole in the stronger country. This practice will in fact lead to enforcement of the state which is already in a better situation.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;In the Model Convention there were also inserted some special provisions which concern various issues connected to the problem of double taxation as the elimination of tax discrimination in various circumstances, the exchange of information between tax authorities of the Contracting States or the guidance how to resolve conflicts of interpretation of the Convention.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Being a model, the Convention is a kind of skeleton, which shows how to create a bilateral contract between two states in the subject of international taxes. According to the model the contact should consist on 7 chapters in determine order, which include regulations in the following issues:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;I.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Range of application,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;II.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;General definitions,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;III.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Detailed regulations concerning the income taxations, and&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;IV.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Capital, if the contract consists also regulations in capital,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;V.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Methods for elimination of double taxation,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;VI.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Particular regulations,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;VII.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Final regulations.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The Convention provides two types of regulations, which deals with the issue of double taxation in&amp;nbsp; a different way. Some articles contain a direct indication which State is allowed to tax the income, which solves the problem immediately.&amp;nbsp; The others, however, give the States free choice to decide which of two methods of limiting the double taxation described below to apply.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Every article where we can find the expression &amp;ldquo;shall be taxable only&amp;rdquo; gives the one of the Contracting States the exclusive right to tax income. This expression indeed, preclude the other Contracting State from taxing. The State that is usually given that kind of right is usually the State which a taxpayer is a resident in a meaning of Art. 4 of the Convention. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Other articles contain the expression &amp;ldquo;may be taxed&amp;rdquo;, which, as I wrote before, indicates the possibility of States to regulate that issue by themselves. Here, as the right to tax is not exclusive, the income could be also taxed in a State which is not a State of residence of the taxpayer, but in a State of source or a State where the permanent establishment is placed. In such a case, the State of residence must give relief so as to avoid the double taxation.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Now, I would like to describe the way in which the problem of international double taxation is solved in the Model. In the Convention this issue is developed in Articles 23 A and 23 B.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;These articles deals with so-called juridical double taxation, as contrasted with economic double taxation, where the same income or capital is taxable in the hands of one person by more then one State. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Art. 23 A and 23 B apply to the situation in which a resident of the State of residence derive income from, or has capital in, the State of source or in the State where there is placed the permanent establishment. In accordance with the Convention such income or capital could be taxed only in such other State of source or State of permanent establishment. The thing is, that in these articles, the problem is solved only from the point of view of the State of residence, as there are no prescriptions for two other States.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The Art. 23 A introduces the principle of exemption. Under this rule the State of residence doesn&amp;#39;t tax the income which according to the Convention should be taxed in State of source or State of permanent establishment.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The principle of exemption could be used in two different ways :&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="symbol"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;First one is called as full exemption method. In that case the income which is taxable in State of source or State of permanent establishment is not taken into account at all by the State of residence. The State cannot also take into consideration that kind of income, while determining the tax to be imposted on the rest of the income.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="symbol"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Second one is exemption with progression method. Here, as well as in the method of full exemption, the State of residence is not entitled to tax income which under regulations of the Model Convention may be taxed in the State of source or the State of permanent establishment. The only difference is that in the case of exemption with progression the State of residence retains the possibility to take that income into account during determining the tax to be imposted on the rest of the income.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;In the Art. 23 B there is drafted another of two possible on the ground of the Convention methods in limiting the effect of double taxation, which is the principle of credit.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Accordingly to that rule, the State of residence include in its inter calculations regarding taxes, the income from the State of source or State of permanent establishment, which under the Convention may be taxed in this other State. Then, it is permitted to deduct from its own tax the tax paid in the other State.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The principle of the tax credit could be used in two manners, as a full credit method and ordinary credit method. In that first one the State of residence allows its taxpayers for deduction of the total amount of tax paid in the other State on income that might be taxed in that other State.&amp;nbsp; In the second method, which is ordinary credit, the State of residence also permits deduction of the tax paid in the other State (State of source or State of permanent establishment) but this time the deduction is restricted to the part of its own tax which is appropriate to the income which may be taxed in the other State.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;In the treaties concluded between the Member countries of OECD both methods in limiting double taxation appears. Some States have a preference to the first one, the others to the second. Theoretically it would be much easier is only one principal was chosen, but is was decided to leave the States free to make their own choice.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;However, no matter how important the free choice is, it was found desirable to limit the possibilities left to States to avoid chaos in conventions. That way, according to the Convention two methods are permitted: the exemption method with progression (Art. 23 A) and the ordinary credit method (Art. 23 B).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The States may decide also how to use these principals. There are three possibilities. They could both decide to choose one method, then each of them may choose different one or they could decide to combine these two principals.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;If both of Contracting States choose the same method it will be sufficient to insert the relevant Article (correspondently Art. 23 A or 23 B) in the convention. That is definitely the easiest way to set tax rules between counties.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;On the other hand, if they decide to base their tax system on different principals, both Articles from the Model Convention could be inserted in one Article. Then it will be just necessary to state in adequate places in the Article which State has chosen with method.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;When it comes to the combination of two principals, the Convention doesn&amp;#39;t give the exact answer how to compute them together. That issue was left to the domestic law and practice applicable. Of course, it could be also negotiate by the Contracting States themselves before signing the convention.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Double taxation causes diminution in the taxpayer income, and what is more, it creates in the society the impression of injustice. Then it brings a reluctance in paying taxes and mistrastfulness to the Government. All these factors together are definitely harmful to the intern economy.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;It is understood that this third phenomenon is the one most dangerous for the State, as taxes are one of the most important incomes to state budget. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;That is why the compromise between States concerning taxes is so important. The bilateral conventions to eliminate the occurrence of international double taxation are the only measure to make every party of that conflict satisfied. They are the instrument to avoid conflicts and misunderstandings on the base of overlapping tax systems.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The aim of that instrument is the contractual division of the rights to tax incomes of one taxpayer between the State of residence of the taxpayer, the &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;State of source and the State of permanent establishment.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The division in tax domination to be accepted and truly followed has to be introduced on common and widely respected rules. These rules are all gained in one not banding convention: the &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Model Convention with respect to taxes on income and on capital elaborated by OECD.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;Bibliography:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;Mi&amp;#281;dzynarodowe Prawo Podatkowe. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;Opodatkowanie i ubezpieczenia spo&amp;#322;eczne os&amp;oacute;b pracuj&amp;#261;cych w Unii Europejskiej&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt; ,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;Jacek Tkaczyk, Micha&amp;#322; Zdyb&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;; Difin, 2006.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;Glossa e traduzione del Modello di Convenzione OCSE Contro le doppie imposizioni sul reddito e sul partimonio; versione 0.2&amp;rdquo;, a cura di M. Greggi, traduzione e glosse di S.Lazzarin, V. Paganizza, M. Tamburini, A. Zambelli Mariani; Universit&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&amp;agrave;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt; di Ferrara, 2005. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital&amp;rdquo; &amp;ndash; Condensed Version 17 July 2008; Commentary, OECD&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;articles:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;Metody unikania podw&amp;oacute;jnego opodatkowania w bilateralnych umowach zapobiegaj&amp;#261;cych podw&amp;oacute;jnemu opodatkowaniu w &amp;#347;wietle Konwencji Modelowej OECD w Sprawie Podatku od Dochodu i Maj&amp;#261;tku, Beata Koczorowska; http://www.edukacjaprawnicza.pl/index.phpmod=m_aktualnosci&amp;amp;cid=69&amp;amp;id=762&amp;amp;p=2 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 36pt"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&amp;ldquo;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;Mi&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&amp;#281;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;dzynarodowe podw&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&amp;oacute;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;jne opodatkowanie i sposoby jego eliminowania&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;, Mariola J&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&amp;oacute;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;zwiak-W&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&amp;#281;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;clewska; http://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Miedzynarodowe-podwojne-opodatkowanie-i-sposoby-jego-eliminowania-1533145.html&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 6pt 36pt"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements &amp;ndash; A Brief Overview, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;Kumar Sumeet&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt; ; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;http://www.legalserviceindia.com/article/l304-Double-Taxation-Avoidance-Agreements.html&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt 0pt 6pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:normal"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-1052599982891367914?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/1052599982891367914/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=1052599982891367914' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/1052599982891367914'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/1052599982891367914'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2010/05/international-double-taxation-and.html' title='International Double Taxation and methods of its elimination (J.'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-3330537359626119362</id><published>2010-05-18T08:06:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2010-05-18T08:06:25.602+02:00</updated><title type='text'>proposal for Spain and Denmark</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted" style=" text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char" style=" text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The Academic C&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&lt;br /&gt; class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;enter of Law and Business &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted" style=" text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Summer Program in Oxford&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted" style=" text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char" style=" text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;in&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted" style=" text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Intellectual &lt;br /&gt;Property: Copyright in the Computer Age&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted" style=" text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char" style=" text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Dr. Kim Treiger&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&lt;br /&gt; class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;-Bar-Am&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted"&gt;&lt;span class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char" style=" text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The summer program will bring &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&lt;br /&gt; class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;a small group of students to Oxford, UK.&amp;nbsp; Its &lt;br /&gt;subject is intellectual property, with a focus on copyright issues raised &lt;br /&gt;in the computer age.&amp;nbsp; The program will include presentations from &lt;br /&gt;scholars from the University of Oxford and the London School of Economics.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted"&gt;&lt;span class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char" style=" text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Dates&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&lt;br /&gt; class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;: The program will be held from August 1 - August &lt;br /&gt;6, 2008.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted"&gt;&lt;span class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char" style=" text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Academic &lt;br /&gt;Program&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;:&amp;nbsp; The course will begin with a broad overview &lt;br /&gt;of different copyright models, comparing Anglo-American, European and &lt;br /&gt;Israeli approaches.  Subjects then discussed, with students’ active &lt;br /&gt;participation, will include the development of open source software &lt;br /&gt;and creative works, digitilisation of works, internet architecture, &lt;br /&gt;moral rights, the commodification of culture and its global commercialization. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted"&gt;&lt;span class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char" style=" text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Visiting lecturers will &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&lt;br /&gt; class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;augment the course on particular subject matters, &lt;br /&gt;including competitition issues, and trademark rights over domain names.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;In addition to the lectures presented by legal scholars from the Universities &lt;br /&gt;of Oxford and LSE, presentations are planned by an expert in the Oxford &lt;br /&gt;University computing center, and a video-conference with a director &lt;br /&gt;at the Oxford Internet Institute.  &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted"&gt;&lt;span class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char" style=" text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Re&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;ading will be assigned before-hand.&amp;nbsp; In Oxford &lt;br /&gt;there will be a combination of lectures and tutorial-style teaching, &lt;br /&gt;as is customary at the University of Oxford.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted"&gt;&lt;span class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char" style=" text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Accommodation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&lt;br /&gt; class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;: Participants will find accommodation arranged at &lt;br /&gt;St. John's College, University of Oxford.&amp;nbsp; St. John's is one of &lt;br /&gt;Oxford's oldest colleges, established in the 1400's.&amp;nbsp; It is located &lt;br /&gt;in the heart of Oxford, and is one of the city and University's great &lt;br /&gt;historic spots.&amp;nbsp; It was the College to which Charles I fled when &lt;br /&gt;chased by Cromwell's troops at the time of the 17th century Revolution.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;Participants will be accommodated in student rooms, with access to the &lt;br /&gt;College’s grounds and gardens.&amp;nbsp; Breakfast will be taken in the &lt;br /&gt;College Hall.&amp;nbsp; Course sessions will be held in the College as well.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="HTML_0020Preformatted"&gt;&lt;span class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char" style=" text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Expenses:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&lt;br /&gt; class="HTML_0020Preformatted__Char"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; The cost of tuition for the course will be 150 Euros.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;Participants will also cover the cost of their flight and transport &lt;br /&gt;to Oxford.&amp;nbsp; Accommodation in St. John’s College will be at the &lt;br /&gt;special rate of 30 pounds per night, including breakfast.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-3330537359626119362?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/3330537359626119362/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=3330537359626119362' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/3330537359626119362'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/3330537359626119362'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2010/05/proposal-for-spain-and-denmark.html' title='proposal for Spain and Denmark'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-5695580774596753072</id><published>2010-04-11T10:29:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2010-04-11T10:30:03.125+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Company Taxation in China</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe src="http://docs.google.com/present/embed?id=dg8pdhj9_1615cmc4zzhd&amp;size=m" frameborder="0" width="555" height="451"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-5695580774596753072?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/5695580774596753072/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=5695580774596753072' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/5695580774596753072'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/5695580774596753072'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2010/04/company-taxation-in-china.html' title='Company Taxation in China'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-7476179252171282224</id><published>2010-04-11T10:00:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2010-04-11T10:00:02.592+02:00</updated><title type='text'>company_taxation_china</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="google_header" id="google_header"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:center"&gt;&lt;font color="#999999"&gt;Draft version (c) 2010 - Dr. WuYao Weng, All Rights reserved - www.dirittotributario.eu&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK4" name="OLE_LINK4"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK61" name="OLE_LINK61"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;La tassazione delle societ&amp;agrave; residenti e quelle non residenti in Cina dopo la riforma 2007 dell&amp;rsquo;imposta sul reddito delle societ&amp;agrave;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Wuyao Weng&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="_ftnref1" name="_ftnref1"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftn1" target="_self"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="background-color:#ffffff;margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK41" name="OLE_LINK41"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;1. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Introduzione&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; - La mia relazione si intitola La tassazione delle &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK55" name="OLE_LINK55"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;societ&amp;agrave;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; residenti e quelle non residenti in Cina dopo &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK34" name="OLE_LINK34"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK35" name="OLE_LINK35"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la riforma 2007 dell&amp;rsquo;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK5" name="OLE_LINK5"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;imposta &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK86" name="OLE_LINK86"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;sul reddito delle societ&amp;agrave;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;. Quindi oggi il tema principale che racconto &amp;egrave; quello che come si tassano &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK83" name="OLE_LINK83"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;le societ&amp;agrave; residenti e quelle non residenti&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; alla luce della Legge Cinese d&amp;rsquo;Imposta sul Reddito delle Societ&amp;agrave; in vigore (in prosieguo: la legge cinese di IRES). Ma allo scopo di capire pi&amp;ugrave; chiaramente la tassazione sulle societ&amp;agrave; residenti e quelle non residenti, in particolare, il significato delle tali norme e le sue influenze, &amp;egrave; necessario prima presentare in brevissimi termini i cambiamenti pi&amp;ugrave; importanti rese dalla riforma 2007 della legge cinese di IRES. La riforma in oggetto era lanciata &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK84" name="OLE_LINK84"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;con &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK36" name="OLE_LINK36"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;l&amp;rsquo;emanazione&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; della legge di IRES che era approvata dall&amp;rsquo;Assemblea Popolare Nazionale cinese il 16 del marzo di 2007 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;e si &amp;egrave; gi&amp;agrave; stata andata in vigore dal primo del gennaio di 2008, anche nel quel giorno il &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK90" name="OLE_LINK90"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Provvisorio Regolamento dell&amp;rsquo;Imposta sul Reddito delle Societ&amp;agrave;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;e &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK93" name="OLE_LINK93"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la Legge dell&amp;rsquo;Imposta sul Reddito delle Societ&amp;agrave; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK1" name="OLE_LINK1"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK91" name="OLE_LINK91"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;cogli Investimenti&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; Esteri&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; (foreign-funded enterprise) e del&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK92" name="OLE_LINK92"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;le Societ&amp;agrave; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Straniere sono gi&amp;agrave; stati abrogati simultaneamente. Esaminate le discipline di IRES previste prima e dopo la riforma, il cambiamento pi&amp;ugrave; significativo &amp;egrave; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK59" name="OLE_LINK59"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la chiusura del criterio delle &amp;ldquo;identit&amp;agrave;&amp;rdquo; delle societ&amp;agrave;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; secondo cui alle societ&amp;agrave; a identit&amp;agrave; differente si applicano le differenti norme, in altri termini pi&amp;ugrave; concreti, al&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK95" name="OLE_LINK95"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK13" name="OLE_LINK13"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;le &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;societ&amp;agrave; cogli investimenti interni si applicava il Provvisorio Regolamento dell&amp;rsquo;Imposta sul Reddito delle Societ&amp;agrave;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; e alle &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK96" name="OLE_LINK96"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;societ&amp;agrave; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK2" name="OLE_LINK2"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;cogli investimenti esteri&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; e alle societ&amp;agrave; straniere si applicava la Legge dell&amp;rsquo;Imposta sul Reddito delle Societ&amp;agrave; cogli Investimenti Esteri e delle Societ&amp;agrave; Straniere. Infatti, tale criterio portava alle legislazioni del doppio binario. In conseguenza di tale modello di legislazione, i trattamenti fiscali delle societ&amp;agrave; cogli investimenti interni erano diversi cospicuamente dai quelli delle societ&amp;agrave; cogli investimenti esteri in modo che il carico fiscale alle societ&amp;agrave; cogli investimenti interni era pi&amp;ugrave; pesante del carico fiscale delle societ&amp;agrave; cogli investimenti esteri, ad esempio, in materia dell&amp;rsquo;aliquota, i criteri delle deduzioni dei costi, le spese, gli ammortamenti, in particolare le agevolazioni tributarie. Con la chiusura suddetta sono stati introdotti per la prima volta nel diritto tributario cinese i concetti della societ&amp;agrave; e quella non societ&amp;agrave;. Quindi, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK6" name="OLE_LINK6"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;il duale sistema d&amp;rsquo;imposta sul reddito delle societ&amp;agrave;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; si &amp;egrave; gi&amp;agrave; stato finito e la tassazione unitaria sulle &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK11" name="OLE_LINK11"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;societ&amp;agrave; cogli investimenti interni&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; e quelle cogli investimenti esteri si &amp;egrave; gi&amp;agrave; stata cominciata rappresentando che&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; in compl&amp;egrave;sso&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; la unica differenza sui soggetti passivi collegata ai trattamenti fiscali &amp;egrave; quella di la societ&amp;agrave; residente o meno.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;2. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;La definizione della &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK16" name="OLE_LINK16"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;societ&amp;agrave; residente e quella non residente&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; - Allora, adesso, passiamo &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK82" name="OLE_LINK82"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;addirittura&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; all&amp;rsquo;indagine della tassazione delle societ&amp;agrave; residenti e quelle non residenti in Cina.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Innanzitutto, dobbiamo capire le nozioni della societ&amp;agrave; residente e quella non residente definite dalla legge cinese di IRES, cio&amp;egrave; i criteri secondo cui le societ&amp;agrave; possono essere intese come la societ&amp;agrave; residente o non residente.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK42" name="OLE_LINK42"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;2.1. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK63" name="OLE_LINK63"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la societ&amp;agrave; residente&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;- Ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK60" name="OLE_LINK60"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;art. 2 della legge cinese di IRES&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;, la societ&amp;agrave; residente di cui alla legge stessa &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK62" name="OLE_LINK62"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK64" name="OLE_LINK64"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;si riferisce a&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;lla societ&amp;agrave; che &amp;egrave; costituita alla luce delle leggi in Cina, ovvero alla societ&amp;agrave; che &amp;egrave; costituita alla luce delle leggi dei paesi o regioni straniere ma la cui &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK87" name="OLE_LINK87"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;istituzione &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK70" name="OLE_LINK70"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;della &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK69" name="OLE_LINK69"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;gestione&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; effettiva &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;si situa nel territorio di Cina&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;. Va rilevato ulteriormente che per guanto riguarda la interpretazione del concetto &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK160" name="OLE_LINK160"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;d&amp;rsquo;istituzione della gestione effettiva&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK94" name="OLE_LINK94"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK65" name="OLE_LINK65"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK66" name="OLE_LINK66"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;art. 4 del Regolamento d&amp;rsquo;Implementazione della legge cinese di IRES&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;(in prosieguo: il regolamento d&amp;rsquo;implementazione&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;) emanato nel 6 dicembre 2007, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK68" name="OLE_LINK68"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la istituzione della gestione effettiva si riferisce a quella che effettua sostanzialmente la gestione complessiva e controlla la produzione e impresa, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK161" name="OLE_LINK161"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;personale&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;, contabilit&amp;agrave;, propriet&amp;agrave;, ecc., di una societ&amp;agrave;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Da tale articolo che definisce la societ&amp;agrave; residente, si pu&amp;ograve; trarre una conferma che la legge cinese di IRES ha stabilito i due criteri soltanto conforme a uno di cui la societ&amp;agrave; si pu&amp;ograve; essere intesa come la societ&amp;agrave; residente. Tale due criteri sono, rispettivamente, quello di sede &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK73" name="OLE_LINK73"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;della registrazione e quello di sede della &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK89" name="OLE_LINK89"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;istituzione della gestione effettiva&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;. Secondo il primo criterio, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK88" name="OLE_LINK88"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;purch&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&amp;eacute; il soggetto passivo si istituisce registrando nel territorio di Cina alla luce delle leggi cinesi, anche se la sua istituzione della gestione effettiva non si situa nel territorio di Cina, si pu&amp;ograve; essere ancora identificato come una societ&amp;agrave; residente cinese. Secondo il secondo criterio, anche se il soggetto passivo non si istituisce registrando nel territorio di Cina, ma purch&amp;eacute; la sua istituzione della gestione effettiva si situa nel territorio di Cina, si pu&amp;ograve; essere ancora identificato come una societ&amp;agrave; residente cinese. Quanto al rapporto intrinseco tra tali due criteri in base a cui la legge cinese di IRES ha introdotto tali due criteri in ordine alla definizione della societ&amp;agrave; residente, io penso che quest&amp;rsquo;ultimo funziona come integrazione necessaria al primo nel senso che, ad esempio, il criterio di sede della istituzione della gestione effettiva pu&amp;ograve; prevenire il soggetto passivo di svolgere le attivit&amp;agrave; di finanziamento o &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;di operazione di capitale a costi minori attraverso la registrazione in paradisi fiscali. Cosi, bench&amp;eacute; la istituzione situata nel territorio di Cina della societ&amp;agrave; registrata fuori dal territorio di Cina non sia intitolata a &amp;ldquo;General Establishment&amp;rdquo;, tale societ&amp;agrave; si pu&amp;ograve; ancora essere quella residente cinese, purch&amp;eacute; la istituzione stessa in sostanza possieda le competenze di gestione complessiva e di controllo della societ&amp;agrave;, come l&amp;rsquo;art. 4 del &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;regolamento di implementazione suddetta prevedono, ad esempio, le competenze di decidere le strategie della produzione e dell&amp;rsquo;investimento , di nominare e dimettere i membri del consiglio di gestione i personali della gestione ad alto livello, di prendere le decisioni relative a contabilit&amp;agrave;, bilancio, versamento dei tributi, finanziamento, verifica ecc.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Rispetto ai regimi fiscali italiani relativi alla residenza fiscale della societ&amp;agrave; in cui sono previsti tre criteri che possono determinare la residenza delle societ&amp;agrave;, cio&amp;egrave; il luogo di costituzione, la sede della gestione e l&amp;#39;oggetto principale della societ&amp;agrave;, a mio avviso, possiamo ritenere che il criterio di sede della registrazione &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK7" name="OLE_LINK7"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;previsto nella legge cinese corrisponde al quello di &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;luogo di costituzione previsto nella legge italiana, il criterio di sede della istituzione&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK71" name="OLE_LINK71"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a id="OLE_LINK72" name="OLE_LINK72"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;della gestione&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; effettiva previsto nella legge cinese corrisponde al quello di sede della gestione previsto nella legge italiana, ma nella legge cinese, non c&amp;#39;&amp;egrave; il criterio di oggetto principale della societ&amp;agrave;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK43" name="OLE_LINK43"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;2.2. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la societ&amp;agrave; non residente&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; - Anche ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;art. 2 sopramenzionato, la societ&amp;agrave; non residente si riferisce alla societ&amp;agrave; che &amp;egrave; costituita alla luce delle leggi dei paesi o regioni straniere, la cui istituzione della gestione effettiva non si situa nel territorio di Cina, ma costituisce la istituzione o luogo nel territorio di Cina, ovvero seppure non costituisce la istituzione o luogo nel territorio di Cina, ma consegue i redditi derivanti dal territorio di Cina. Come si deve interprete il concetto d&amp;rsquo;istituzione della gestione effettiva nella definizione della societ&amp;agrave; residente, anche i concetti d&amp;rsquo;istituzione e di luogo si devono interpretano allo scopo di rendere pi&amp;ugrave; chiara la definizione della societ&amp;agrave; non residente. Ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK74" name="OLE_LINK74"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;art. 5, comma 1 del regolamento di implementazione&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; della legge cinese di IRES, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK75" name="OLE_LINK75"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK77" name="OLE_LINK77"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;l&amp;rsquo;istituzione e il luogo di cui alla legge di IRES si riferiscono a quelli che &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK100" name="OLE_LINK100"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;svolgono le attivit&amp;agrave; della produzione e della impresa&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; nel territorio di Cina e le loro forme possono configurarsi quanto segue: 1) organizzazione d&amp;rsquo;amministrazione, organizzazione d&amp;rsquo;impresa (business organizations), ufficio di rappresentanza; 2) fabbrica, fattoria, luogo dove si sfruttano le risorse naturali; 3) luogo dove si&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK98" name="OLE_LINK98"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; provvedono &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;i servizi di lavoro; 4) luogo dove si svolgono i progetti di contratti(contractor projects) come costruzione, installazione, montaggio, riparazione esplorazione, ecc.; 5) gli altri che svolgono le attivit&amp;agrave; della produzione e della impresa&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;. D&amp;#39;altronde, ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;art. 5, comma 2 del regolamento stesso, nel caso in cui &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK80" name="OLE_LINK80"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la societ&amp;agrave; non residente incarica l&amp;rsquo;agente d&amp;rsquo;impresa( bussiness agent) di svolgere le attivit&amp;agrave; di produzione e d&amp;rsquo;impresa nel territorio di Cina&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;, tra cui i casi in cui &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK101" name="OLE_LINK101"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la societ&amp;agrave; non residente incarica l&amp;rsquo;ente o l&amp;rsquo;individuo di frequentemente stipulare i contratti in nome della societ&amp;agrave;, ovvero di fare provvista delle merci e consegnare le merci&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;, tale &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK78" name="OLE_LINK78"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK79" name="OLE_LINK79"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;agente d&amp;rsquo;impresa, o tale ente e individuo va considerato come l&amp;rsquo;istituzione o il luogo costituito nel territorio di Cina&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Certamente, i &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK25" name="OLE_LINK25"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;concetti d&amp;rsquo;istituzione e di luogo&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;, compresi quello d&amp;rsquo;istituzione della gestione effettiva, probabilmente siano diversi dalle definizioni dei questi concetti previsti nelle leggi straniere di IRES, ad esempio, quella italiana. Mi pare che una differenza pi&amp;ugrave; evidente sia quella di ci&amp;ograve; che nella legge cinese di IRES non c&amp;#39;&amp;egrave; il concetto di stabile organizzazione che &amp;egrave; spesso utilizzato nella &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK24" name="OLE_LINK24"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;convenzioni internazionali&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; in materia tributaria. Per&amp;ograve; va rilevato che in pratica, i concetti&amp;nbsp; della istituzione e del luogo sostanzialmente corrispondono al concetto di stabile organizzazione nel senso che l&amp;rsquo;autorit&amp;agrave; tributaria in Cina rivolge frequentemente al concetto di stabile organizzazione nell&amp;rsquo;applicazione dei concetti d&amp;rsquo; istituzione e di luogo, nonostante che le connotazioni che sono gi&amp;agrave; attribuite ai concetti d&amp;rsquo;istituzione e di luogo siano pi&amp;ugrave; abbondanti e flessibili delle quelle del concetto di stabile organizzazione. Quanto alla questione delle eventuali differenze nella definizione dei concetti previsti nella legge cinese di IRES e nei regimi stranieri in materia tributaria o nelle convenzioni internazionali in tema di tributi, la legge cinese di IRES l&amp;rsquo;ha affrontata, secondo quanto previsto dall&amp;rsquo;art. 58 della legge stessa, in modo che le convenzioni internazionali devono prevalersi quando si appaiono le disposizioni differenti contenute nelle convenzioni internazionali in materia tributaria concluse dai governo cinese e quelli stranieri rispetto a quelle contenute nella legge stessa. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;a id="DDE_LINK1" name="DDE_LINK1"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="DDE_LINK3" name="DDE_LINK3"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK46" name="OLE_LINK46"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK44" name="OLE_LINK44"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;3.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK18" name="OLE_LINK18"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK19" name="OLE_LINK19"&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la tassazione delle societ&amp;agrave; residenti e quelle non residenti&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;: la combinazione della giurisdizione del territorio con la giurisdizione della residenza.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; - &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Dopo avere esaminato le definizioni dei concetti della societ&amp;agrave; residente e quella non residente, passiamo ad esaminare la questione di cardine, cio&amp;egrave; la tassazione delle societ&amp;agrave; residenti e quelle non residenti, vale a dire cosa sono gli obblighi tributari incombenti alla societ&amp;agrave; residente e quella non residente in Cina. Qui &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK103" name="OLE_LINK103"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;il raccont&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;o &amp;egrave; articolato in due parti, rispettivamente, la parte sulla tassazione della societ&amp;agrave; residente e l&amp;rsquo;altra sulla tassazione della societ&amp;agrave; non residente, ma dedico maggiore attenzione alla seconda.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK21" name="OLE_LINK21"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;3.1. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK26" name="OLE_LINK26"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;gli obblighi tributari incombenti alle societ&amp;agrave; residenti&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK30" name="OLE_LINK30"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; - &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK102" name="OLE_LINK102"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;3.1.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;gli &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK118" name="OLE_LINK118"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;obblighi tributari&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; illimitati&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK108" name="OLE_LINK108"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;- Ai sensi dell&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK104" name="OLE_LINK104"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK105" name="OLE_LINK105"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&amp;rsquo;art. 3, comma 1 della legge cinese di IRES&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK106" name="OLE_LINK106"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la societ&amp;agrave; residente&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; deve pagare &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK110" name="OLE_LINK110"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;l&amp;rsquo;IRES in relazione a&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;i suoi redditi derivanti dal &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK111" name="OLE_LINK111"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;territorio di Cina&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; e dall&amp;rsquo;estero&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;. Da tale articolo si pu&amp;ograve; trarre una confermazione che in ordine alla giurisdizione nell&amp;rsquo;ambito di IRES, la Cina ha stabilito il criterio duale della giurisdizione come gi&amp;agrave; applicato nell&amp;rsquo;ambito della imposta sui redditi delle persone fisiche cinese sottolineando la &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK124" name="OLE_LINK124"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;combinazione della giurisdizione del territorio con la giurisdizione della residenza&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;. Chiaro &amp;egrave; che l&amp;rsquo;adozione di tale principio impositivo della combinazione delle due giurisdizioni suddette da parte di Cina favorisce la garanzia migliore degli interessi fiscali di Cina. Con l&amp;rsquo;adozione di tale principio impositivo, si pu&amp;ograve; dire che la societ&amp;agrave; residente cinese sopporta gli obblighi tributari illimitati applicandosi l&amp;rsquo;aliquota ordinaria di 25% prevista nell&amp;rsquo;art. 4 della legge stessa. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Qui, una questione molto importante viene chiarita a causa della sua connessione stretta con gli obblighi tributari illimitati in esame, con la questione dell&amp;rsquo;applicazione del metodo del credito d&amp;rsquo;imposta illustrata di seguito, in particolare, con l&amp;rsquo;individuazione dei redditi imponibili per la societ&amp;agrave; non residente illustrata di seguito. Questa questione vuol dire quella relativa ai &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK127" name="OLE_LINK127"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK129" name="OLE_LINK129"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;criteri secondo cui si verifica che se i redditi derivano dal territorio di Cina, ovvero derivano dall&amp;rsquo;estero&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;. A proposito di tali criteri, &amp;egrave; chiaro che tali criteri cambiano a seconda delle tipologie dei redditi. Secondo la dottrina generale, i redditi possono essere articolati in tre tipologie in linea generale, rispettivamente, il reddito derivante dalla produzione e dall&amp;rsquo;impresa (reddito di impresa), quale il reddito che il contribuente consegue dalle attivit&amp;agrave; economiche abituali, i redditi passivo, quali dividendi, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK180" name="OLE_LINK180"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;interessi&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK183" name="OLE_LINK183"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;royalties&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;, affitti ecc., il reddito &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK172" name="OLE_LINK172"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;derivante dal trasferimento dei beni&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;, quale il reddito che il contribuente consegue dai trasferimenti degli immobili e degli altri beni mobili. Dal punto di vista della prassi internazionale, i criteri del luogo di provenienza dei redditi si possono riassumere in seguenti ordini: 1) per quanto riguarda il reddito derivante dalla produzione e dall&amp;rsquo;impresa, si determina il suo luogo di provenienza principalmente in base al criterio di stabile organizzazione; 2) per quanto riguarda il reddito passivo, la determinazione del luogo di provenienza &amp;egrave; pi&amp;ugrave; complicata a causa della sua &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK179" name="OLE_LINK179"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;molteplicit&amp;agrave; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;dei tipi e si pu&amp;ograve; classificarlo ulteriormente cosi: quanto a dividends, in genere la sede di residenza della societ&amp;agrave; che paga dividends &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK181" name="OLE_LINK181"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&amp;egrave; identificata come&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;a id="OLE_LINK182" name="OLE_LINK182"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;il luogo di provenienza&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; dei redditi; quanto a interessi, in genere la sede di residenza del pagatore &amp;egrave; identificata come il luogo di provenienza dei redditi; quanto a royalties, ci sono alcuni criteri, ad esempio, le sedi d&amp;rsquo;utilizzo, di residenza del proprietario e di residenza del pagatore; quanto a affitti, ci sono anche alcuni criteri come quelli rivolti a royalties; 3) per quanto riguarda il reddito derivante dal trasferimento dei beni, in genere il luogo dove gli immobili si situano &amp;egrave; identificato come il luogo di provenienza dei redditi in relazione ai redditi derivanti dal trasferimento degli immobili, per&amp;ograve; in relazione ai redditi derivanti dal trasferimento dei beni mobili, ci sono alcuni criteri, ad esempio, il luogo dove il trasferimento si accade, la sede della residenza del soggetto cedente e il luogo dove i beni mobili da trasferire si trovano. Allora, come si prevedono le norme relative ai criteri del luogo di provenienza dei redditi nei regimi cinesi? Nel complesso, le norme cinese in tale materia non si distaccano dalla prassi internazionale come gi&amp;agrave; esposta ed ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK125" name="OLE_LINK125"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK126" name="OLE_LINK126"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;art. 7 del regolamento di implementazione &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;della legge cinese di IRES, si verifica che se i redditi previsti nell&amp;rsquo;art. 3 della legge cinese di IRES derivano dal territorio di Cina o dall&amp;rsquo;estero in base ai principi seguenti: 1) quanto al reddito derivante dalla vendita di merci, si determina il luogo di provenienza alla luce di luogo dove le operazioni accadono; 2) quanto al reddito derivante dalla fornitura dei servizi, si determina il luogo di provenienza alla luce di luogo dove i servizi accadono;3) quanto al reddito derivante dal trasferimento dei beni, nel caso in cui i beni coinvolti sono gli immobili, si determina il luogo di provenienza alla luce di luogo dove gli immobili si situano, nel caso in cui i beni coinvolti sono i beni mobili, si determina il luogo di provenienza alla luce di luogo dove la societ&amp;agrave;, la istituzione o il luogo che trasferiscono i beni mobili si situano, nel caso in cui i beni coinvolti sono equity investment, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK37" name="OLE_LINK37"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;si determina il luogo di provenienza alla luce di luogo dove la societ&amp;agrave;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; di investee si situa; 4)quanto al reddito derivante da equity investment, ad esempio, dividends, distribuzione dei profitti(bonus), si determina il luogo di provenienza alla luce di luogo dove la societ&amp;agrave; che distribuisce dividends od esegue la distribuzione dei profitti si situa; 5) quanto a interessi, affitti e royalties, si determina il luogo di provenienza alla luce di luogo dove la societ&amp;agrave; o l&amp;rsquo;istituzione, il luogo che sopportano &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK38" name="OLE_LINK38"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;e/o paga&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;no i redditi si situano, ovvero alla luce di luogo della residenza dell&amp;rsquo;individuo che sopporta e/o paga i redditi: 6) quanto a altri redditi, il luogo di provenienza va determinato da&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK116" name="OLE_LINK116"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;gli organismi preposti di finanza e di tributi&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;3.1.2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;l&amp;rsquo;attenuazione della doppia tassazione: il metodo del credito limitato di imposta rivolto al&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK120" name="OLE_LINK120"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la somma di tutti redditi provenienti da un singolo paese&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; (with a country-basket limitation &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;and&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; without an item-basket limitation).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; - Come gi&amp;agrave; esposto, la societ&amp;agrave; residente cinese assume gli obblighi tributari illimitati nei confronti del governo cinese nel senso che la societ&amp;agrave; deve adempire la dichiarazione tributaria in relazione dei redditi derivanti dal territorio di Cina ed anche dall&amp;rsquo;estero nei confronti del governo cinese. Ma, i redditi derivanti dall&amp;rsquo;estero di fatti devono essere assoggettati ad imposizione anche nel paese di fonte, cosi nasce un problema della doppia tassazione. Presa in considerazione della necessit&amp;agrave; di evitare la doppia tassazione, la legge cinese di IRES ha introdotto il sistema del credito d&amp;rsquo;imposta. &amp;Egrave; certo che anche la garanzia della integrit&amp;agrave; del giurisdizione tributaria del governo cinese nel senso che il sistema del credito d&amp;rsquo;imposta significa che il governo del paese d&amp;rsquo;imposizione effettua volontariamente una concessione limitata in relazione alla potest&amp;agrave; di tassazione volta ad una somma dei redditi derivanti dall&amp;rsquo;estero, cosicch&amp;eacute; la integrit&amp;agrave; del giurisdizione tributaria possa essere garantita a livello operativo, &amp;egrave; la ragione per cui la Cina ha introdotto il sistema del credito d&amp;rsquo;imposta. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Il sistema del credito d&amp;rsquo;imposta cinese &amp;egrave; composto dai regimi seguenti:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;1) ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK130" name="OLE_LINK130"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;art. 23 della legge cinese di IERS&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK107" name="OLE_LINK107"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;l&amp;rsquo;importo tributario della imposta sui redditi &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;in relazione dei seguenti redditi che &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK109" name="OLE_LINK109"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&amp;egrave; stato gi&amp;agrave; pagato all&amp;rsquo;estero&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;, pu&amp;ograve; essere compensato dalle (offset from) imposte dovute nel corrente periodo d&amp;rsquo;imposta con il limite di offset entro il quale l&amp;rsquo;importo pu&amp;ograve; essere compensato li quale &amp;egrave; l&amp;rsquo;imposta dovuta in relazione di tali redditi calcolata secondo le disposizioni della legge cinese di IRES.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK97" name="OLE_LINK97"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; La parte in eccesso d&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;i tale limite di credito pu&amp;ograve; essere compensato nei prossimi cinque consecutivi anni nel limite del resto pari al risultato positive che si sottrae l&amp;rsquo;imposta da compensare nell&amp;rsquo;anno interessato dal limite di credito dell&amp;rsquo;anno stesso: a) i redditi tassabili derivanti fuori dal territorio di Cina che sono conseguiti dalla societ&amp;agrave; residente; b) i redditi tassabili prodotti all&amp;rsquo;estero che sono conseguiti dall&amp;rsquo;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK99" name="OLE_LINK99"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;istituzione o il luogo&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; della societ&amp;agrave; non residente costituito nel territorio di Cina con una relazione effettiva con la tale istituzione o il luogo. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Qui, esiste qualche concetto da chiarire ulteriormente previsto nell&amp;rsquo;art.23 suddetto. Il primo concetto &amp;egrave; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;l&amp;rsquo;importo tributario della imposta sui redditi che &amp;egrave; stato gi&amp;agrave; pagato all&amp;rsquo;estero. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK112" name="OLE_LINK112"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;art. 77 del regolamento d&amp;rsquo;implementazione,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; tale importo si riferisce all&amp;rsquo;importo tributario alla natura della imposta sui redditi delle societ&amp;agrave;, in relazione dei redditi derivanti fuori dal territorio di Cina, che deve essere pagato ed &amp;egrave; gi&amp;agrave; effettivamente pagato all&amp;rsquo;estero alla luce delle leggi e relativi regolamenti stranieri. Il secondo concetto &amp;egrave; quello di limite del credito. Ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;art. 78 del regolamento &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK113" name="OLE_LINK113"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;d&amp;rsquo;implementazione&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;, il &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK117" name="OLE_LINK117"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;limite del credito&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; si riferisce all&amp;rsquo;imposta dovuta in relazione dei redditi derivanti fuori dal territorio di Cina che &amp;egrave; calcolata secondo &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK121" name="OLE_LINK121"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la legge cinese di IRES e il presente regolamento d&amp;rsquo;implementazione&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK153" name="OLE_LINK153"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Eccetto&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; che gli &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK114" name="OLE_LINK114"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;organismi&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; preposti di finanza e di tributi del consiglio di Stato stipulino le differenti previsioni, tale limite del credito va calcolato &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK119" name="OLE_LINK119"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;with a country-basket limitation &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;and&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; without an item-basket limitation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;, cio&amp;egrave; sulla base ad una somma di tutti redditi provenienti da un singolo paese. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK132" name="OLE_LINK132"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;La formula di calcolo&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; del limite del credito &amp;egrave; la seguente: &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK133" name="OLE_LINK133"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;il limite del credito= la somma totale dell&amp;rsquo;imposta dovuta in relazione dei redditi derivanti dal territorio di Cina e dall&amp;rsquo;estero calcolata secondo la legge cinese di IRES e il presente regolamento d&amp;rsquo;implementazione &amp;times; (la somma dei redditi tassabili derivanti dall&amp;rsquo;estero &amp;divide; la somma dei redditi tassabili derivanti dal territorio di Cina e dall&amp;rsquo;estero)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Dall&amp;rsquo;art. 23 esposto si pu&amp;ograve; tracciare un inquadramento fondamentale sul sistema del credito d&amp;rsquo;imposta cinese, ossia quello de&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK131" name="OLE_LINK131"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;l metodo del credito limitato d&amp;rsquo;imposta rivolto alla somma di tutti redditi provenienti da un singolo paese (with a country-basket limitation &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;and&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; without an item-basket limitation ) &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;nel senso che il limite del credito in relazione dei redditi derivanti dall&amp;rsquo;estero nel caso in cui il contribuente conseguirli dalle diverse nazioni va calcolato separatamente con riferimento ai redditi derivanti da una singola nazione, e il governo cinese consente alla societ&amp;agrave; residente cinese di unire i diversi redditi derivanti da una singola nazione e cui eventualmente si applicano le aliquote diverse, tale da calcolare un limite unitario del credito. A mio avviso, tale tipo del metodo del credito d&amp;rsquo;imposta corrisponde alla capacit&amp;agrave; attuale della tassazione del fisco cinese tenendo conto che il lavoro del calcolo dei redditi derivanti dall&amp;rsquo;estero &amp;egrave; un lavoro molto complicato. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK134" name="OLE_LINK134"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;2) ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK136" name="OLE_LINK136"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;art. 24 della legge cinese di IERS&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK140" name="OLE_LINK140"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK141" name="OLE_LINK141"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;quando la societ&amp;agrave; residente consegue i redditi provenienti da equity investment come dividends, bonus, derivanti dall&amp;rsquo;estero, dalla societ&amp;agrave; straniera controllata direttamente o indirettamente da tale societ&amp;agrave; residente,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la porzione che &amp;egrave; una parte delle imposte di natura dell&amp;rsquo;imposta sui redditi pagate effettivamente all&amp;rsquo;estero dalla societ&amp;agrave; straniera ed corrispondono a tali redditi suddetti conseguiti dalla societ&amp;agrave; residente cinese, pu&amp;ograve; essere l&amp;rsquo;importo tributario della imposta sui redditi che pu&amp;ograve; essere compensato da parte della societ&amp;agrave; residente entro il limite del credito previsto nell&amp;rsquo;art. 23. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;A proposito di tale previsione, bisogna precisar&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;e che il limite del credito dovrebbe essere calcolato direttamente in base alle imposte sui redditi che sono prodotti nelle operazioni dei enti sosta&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK135" name="OLE_LINK135"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;nziali nel senso che i&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;n ordine alle societ&amp;agrave; figlie a multilivelli all&amp;rsquo;estero possedute interamente dalla societ&amp;agrave; residente, il shell corporation che non svolgono le operazioni dei enti sostanziali non dovrebbe essere considerato come un livello delle societ&amp;agrave; figlie a multilivelli all&amp;rsquo;insegna della trasparenza. Di qui, possiamo dire che l&amp;rsquo;art. 24 della legge cinese di IRES ha chiarito ulteriormente che &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK137" name="OLE_LINK137"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;il metodo del credito d&amp;rsquo;imposta&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; &amp;egrave; quello &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK138" name="OLE_LINK138"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK139" name="OLE_LINK139"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;indiretto a multilivelli&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; e la sua applicazione come un enorme progresso nel sistema dell&amp;rsquo;imposta sui redditi cinese &amp;egrave; veramente in favore che le societ&amp;agrave; interne proseguono la strategia di &amp;ldquo;Going Global&amp;rdquo; e partecipare alla concorrenza internazionale adottando il metodo di Tender Offers ( shareholding purchasing). &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;3) ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;art. 17 della &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK50" name="OLE_LINK50"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;legge cinese di IERS&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;, quando la societ&amp;agrave; calcola l&amp;rsquo;imposta dovuta sui redditi delle societ&amp;agrave; nel caso della tassazione consolidata, le passivit&amp;agrave; delle istituzioni situate all&amp;rsquo;estero non pu&amp;ograve; essere controbilanciate con i profitti delle istituzioni situate nel territorio di Cina. Tale norma &amp;egrave; prevista per la tutela della fonte del gettito fiscale cinese. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;4) per quanto riguarda il termine in cui si pu&amp;ograve; compensare l&amp;rsquo;importo tributario della imposta che &amp;egrave; stato gi&amp;agrave; pagato all&amp;rsquo;estero, ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;art. 54, comma 3 della legge cinese di IERS, la societ&amp;agrave; deve realizzare la liquidazione dell&amp;rsquo;imposta sui redditi entro il termine di cinque mesi successivo alla chiusura del periodo d&amp;rsquo;imposta. Di qui, nasce un problema di disordine del credito d&amp;rsquo;imposta a causa della differenza relativa ai termini della liquidazione tributaria previsti nei regimi delle diverse nazioni, ad esempio, in Italia, per i soggetti passivi IRES la dichiarazione deve essere presentata entro il 31 luglio successivo a quello di chiusura del periodo d&amp;rsquo;imposta unicamente. A tale problema, finora, non c&amp;#39;&amp;egrave; una espressa soluzione corrispondente stabilita nella legge cinese di IRES, occorre risolversi nelle convenzioni internazionali tributari conclusi dal governo cinese con i governi delle nazioni interessate.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK173" name="OLE_LINK173"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK45" name="OLE_LINK45"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;3.2. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK27" name="OLE_LINK27"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK28" name="OLE_LINK28"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;gli obblighi tributari incombenti alle societ&amp;agrave; non resident&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;i.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; -&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; Va premesso &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK81" name="OLE_LINK81"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;in linea generale&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; che secondo quanto gi&amp;agrave; esaminato nella parte della definizione della societ&amp;agrave; residente e quella non residente, quest&amp;rsquo;ultima pu&amp;ograve; essere divisa in due categorie, cio&amp;egrave; quella che costituisce la istituzione o il luogo nel territorio di Cina e quella che non costituisce la istituzione o il luogo nel territorio di Cina, coerentemente gli obblighi tributari da parte della societ&amp;agrave; non residente cambiano a seconda delle categorie. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK31" name="OLE_LINK31"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK33" name="OLE_LINK33"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;3.2.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la societ&amp;agrave; non residente che costituisce la istituzione o il luogo nel territorio di Cina&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; - 3.2.1.1. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;gli obblighi &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK128" name="OLE_LINK128"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;tributari illimitati condizionatamente&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; - Ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;art. 3, comma 2 della legge cinese di IRES&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK115" name="OLE_LINK115"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;, la societ&amp;agrave; non residente che costituisce la istituzione o il luogo nel territorio di Cina&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; deve pagare l&amp;rsquo;IRES in relazione ai suoi &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK122" name="OLE_LINK122"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;redditi derivanti dal territorio di Cina&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; e conseguiti dalla istituzione o dal luogo costituito dalla questa societ&amp;agrave;, ed anche a quelli prodotti all&amp;rsquo;estero tra i quali e &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK123" name="OLE_LINK123"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la istituzione o dal luogo costituito dalla questa societ&amp;agrave; esiste una relazione effettiva&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;. Da ci&amp;ograve; possiamo indicare un punto importante che la legge nuova di IRES espande la definizione del reddito attivo rispetto al regime precedente che tassava la societ&amp;agrave; straniera che costituisce le istituzioni in Cina soltanto sui suoi redditi derivanti dal territorio di Cina. Rispetto agli obblighi tributari assunti dalla societ&amp;agrave; residente, possiamo dire che quelli assunti dalla societ&amp;agrave; non residente che costituisce la istituzione o il luogo nel territorio di Cina si disciplinano, da una parte, ugualmente nel senso che anche tale societ&amp;agrave; non residente deve pagare l&amp;rsquo;IRES in relazione ai suoi redditi derivanti dal territorio di Cina e dall&amp;rsquo;estero, ma si disciplinano, d&amp;rsquo;altra, diversamente nel senso che per tale societ&amp;agrave; non residente, i redditi tassabili derivanti dal territorio di Cina devono essere conseguiti attraverso la sua istituzione o il suo luogo costituito nel territorio di Cina, ed i redditi tassabili derivanti dall&amp;rsquo;estero devono avere una relazione effettiva con la sua istituzione o il suo luogo costituito nel territorio di Cina. Quindi, possiamo definire illimitati condizionatamente tali obblighi assunti dalla societ&amp;agrave; non residente che costituisce la istituzione o il luogo nel territorio di Cina. In punto del termine di relazione effettiva che &amp;egrave; un elemento chiave per individuare i redditi tassabili derivanti dall&amp;rsquo;estero nel caso in oggetto, ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;art. 8 del regolamento d&amp;rsquo;implementazione, si riferisce alla situazione in cui l&amp;rsquo;istituzione o il luogo costituito dalla societ&amp;agrave; non residente nel territorio di Cina possiedono le partecipazioni societ&amp;agrave;rie(shareholdings), i diritti del credito che fanno nascere i redditi, ovvero possiedono, amministrano, controllano i beni, ecc. che fanno nascere i redditi. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Infatti, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;per la societ&amp;agrave; non residente che costituisce &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la istituzione o il luogo nel territorio di Cina, i redditi conseguibili possono essere concretamente individuati in tre tipi, ossia quello dei redditi d&amp;rsquo;impresa di tale istituzione o luogo, quello degli interessi, dividends, royalties ecc. prodotti all&amp;rsquo;estero e conseguiti da tale istituzione o luogo e quello degli interessi, dividends, royalties ecc. provenienti dalle societ&amp;agrave; interne e conseguiti da tale societ&amp;agrave; non residente non attraverso la sua istituzione o il luogo nel territorio di Cina. Da ci&amp;ograve;, in particolare in ordine dai primi due tipi dei redditi, possiamo puntualizzarsi che i cosiddetti obblighi tributari illimitati condizionatamente sopramenzionati sono nel senso che la societ&amp;agrave; non residente in esame assume gli obblighi tributari limitati nei confronti del governo cinese e la sua istituzione o luogo di per s&amp;eacute; in Cina assume gli obblighi tributari illimitati. In punto della situazione del terzo tipo dei redditi, a mio avviso, si pu&amp;ograve; classificarla come la situazione illustrata di seguito in cui la societ&amp;agrave; non residente che non costituisce la istituzione o il luogo nel territorio di Cina conseguono i redditi tassabili nel territorio di Cina.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Infine, &amp;egrave; certo che la istituzione o il luogo nel territorio di Cina della societ&amp;agrave; non residente in esame deve fare la registrazione fiscale in Cina tenendo conto di fatto che tale istituzione o luogo, in genere, pu&amp;ograve; conseguire i redditi d&amp;rsquo;impresa quotidiani e continuativi, e da ci&amp;ograve; si pu&amp;ograve; dire che &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK186" name="OLE_LINK186"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;tale istituzione o luogo&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; appartiene al contribuente ordinario e deve presentare la dichiarazione annuale dell&amp;rsquo;imposta sui redditi delle societ&amp;agrave;. Il luogo dove tale &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK187" name="OLE_LINK187"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;istituzione o luogo&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; si situa &amp;egrave; il domicilio fiscale e nel caso in cui la societ&amp;agrave; non residente costituiscono due, ovvero oltre due istituzioni o luoghi, essa pu&amp;ograve; scegliere quella o quello principale con sanzione delle autorit&amp;agrave; tributarie come il versante in base alla tassazione consolidata ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;art. 51 della legge di IRES.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;3.2.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;.2. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la disciplina del credito di imposta.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; - In aderenza agli obblighi tributari illimitati condizionatamente assunti dalla societ&amp;agrave; non residente in esame, anche per tale societ&amp;agrave; non residente esiste la questione della doppia tassazione e coerentemente il governo cinese deve assumere una responsabilit&amp;agrave; di effettuare volontariamente una concessione in relazione alla potest&amp;agrave; di tassazione per attenuare la doppia tassazione tenendo conto che la societ&amp;agrave; non residente in esame possiede i redditi da tassare da parte del governo cinese derivanti dall&amp;rsquo;estero. Come gi&amp;agrave; esposto sopra, ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;art. 23 della legge cinese di IERS, i redditi derivanti dall&amp;rsquo;estero su cui sono imposte le tasse della imposta sui redditi che sono gi&amp;agrave; state pagate all&amp;rsquo;estero e possono essere compensate in Cina, includono i redditi prodotti all&amp;rsquo;estero che sono conseguiti dall&amp;rsquo;istituzione o il luogo della societ&amp;agrave; non residente costituito nel territorio di Cina con una relazione effettiva con la tale istituzione o il luogo. Per quanto riguarda le norme concrete del sistema del credito d&amp;rsquo;imposta, si rinvia alla parte di 3.1.2. del presente articolo. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;3.2.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;.3. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;le agevolazioni fiscali.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; - Sopratutto, dobbiamo precisare che le discipline sulle agevolazioni fiscali nel caso qui di sindacare si riferiscono solamente a quelle con riferimento esclusivamente alla societ&amp;agrave; non residente in esame e le discipline comuni che sono stabilite nel capitolo 4, quello&amp;nbsp; apposito intitolato &amp;ldquo;Agevolazioni Fiscali&amp;rdquo;, della legge cinese di IRES, non sono i contenuti, di qui, da raccontare.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Allora, di qui, le discipline coinvolte si riferiscono alle due discipline seguenti: 1) ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;art. 26 della legge cinese di IRES, quando la societ&amp;agrave; non residente che costituisce la istituzione o il luogo nel territorio di Cina consegue dalla societ&amp;agrave; residente i proventi derivanti da equity investment come dividends e bonus tra cui e tale la istituzione o il luogo esiste una relazione effettiva, tali proventi sono esenti da imposizione. Tale disciplina &amp;egrave;, di fatto, una disciplina dedicata ad evitare la doppia tassazione economica interna non concernente le persone fisiche; 2) la disciplina da presentare di seguito concerne la disapplicazione del regime dell&amp;rsquo;agevolazione fiscale esclusivamente con riferimento alle societ&amp;agrave; piccole con sottili profitti nella societ&amp;agrave; non residente. Ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;art. 28 della legge cinese di IRES, le societ&amp;agrave; piccole con sottili profitti sono assoggettate all&amp;rsquo;aliquota ridotta di 20%. Ma alla luce della circolare di Guo Shui Han n. 650 del 3 luglio 2008 emanata dall&amp;rsquo;Amministrazione Fiscale di Stato, alla societ&amp;agrave; non residente non si applica il regime secondo cui per la societ&amp;agrave; piccole con sottili profitti che devono essere qualificate, si impone la imposta sui redditi delle societ&amp;agrave; con l&amp;rsquo;aliquota ridotta di 20%, tenuto conto che le societ&amp;agrave; piccole con sottili profitti previste nell&amp;rsquo;art. 28 della legge di IRES si riferiscono alle societ&amp;agrave; tutti cui redditi derivanti dalle attivit&amp;agrave; delle produzioni e delle imprese devono essere assoggettati all&amp;rsquo;imposizione in Cina, ma al contrario, la societ&amp;agrave; non residente sono quella, in genere, solo una parte di cui redditi, cio&amp;egrave; la parte composta dai redditi derivanti dal Cina, &amp;egrave; assoggettata all&amp;rsquo;imposizione in Cina. Oltre alla ragione espressa nel circolare suddetto, in realt&amp;agrave; anche il fatto che, visto che le istituzioni della gestione e del controllo sostanziale proposte ad attivit&amp;agrave; delle produzioni, personale, contabilit&amp;agrave; e beni si situano all&amp;rsquo;estero, &amp;egrave; molto difficile valutare se la societ&amp;agrave; non residente appartenga alla societ&amp;agrave; piccola con sottili profitti, &amp;egrave; la ragione per cui si esclude la societ&amp;agrave; non residente nell&amp;rsquo;applicazione del regime favorevole preordinato alla societ&amp;agrave; piccola con sottili profitti. Cosi, si pu&amp;ograve; prevenire la commissione dell&amp;rsquo;elusione fiscale da parte della societ&amp;agrave; non residente mediante l&amp;rsquo;abuso del regime favorevole preordinato alla societ&amp;agrave; piccola con sottili profitti facendo fronte ad esigenza dell&amp;rsquo;antieusione internazionale. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;3.2.2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la societ&amp;agrave; non residente che non costituisce la istituzione o luogo nel territorio di Cina&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; - 3.2.2.1. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;gli obblighi tributari limitati e i redditi tassabili.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; - La normativa in materia sostanziale che disciplina la tassazione del&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK143" name="OLE_LINK143"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la societ&amp;agrave; non residente che non costituisce la istituzione o il luogo nel territorio di Cina&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; &amp;egrave; l&amp;rsquo;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK142" name="OLE_LINK142"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;art. 3, comma 3 della legge cinese di IRES&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;. Alla luce di tale normativa, la societ&amp;agrave; non residente in esame &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK144" name="OLE_LINK144"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK145" name="OLE_LINK145"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;deve pagare l&amp;rsquo;IRES in relazione ai redditi derivanti dal territorio di Cina&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;. Infatti, per &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK146" name="OLE_LINK146"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la societ&amp;agrave; non residente che costituisce la istituzione o il luogo nel territorio di Cina&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;, il caso in cui essa &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK147" name="OLE_LINK147"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;consegue i redditi derivanti dal territorio di Cina che non sono connessi effettivamente alla sua la istituzione o il luogo&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;, come il stesso articolo prevede, sicuramente appartiene al caso qui in esame. Dalla tale normativa, si pu&amp;ograve; trarre conferma che per la societ&amp;agrave; non residente che non costituisce la istituzione o il luogo nel territorio di Cina, solo i suoi redditi derivanti dal territorio di Cina sono tassabili in Cina e possiamo considerare assolutamente limitati gli obblighi tributari assunti da tale societ&amp;agrave; non residente. Per quanto riguarda i suoi redditi tassabili in dettaglio, possono comprendersi interessi, dividends, bonus, royalties, quelli derivanti dal trasferimento dei beni, quelli derivanti dalla locazione dei beni e quelli derivanti dalle operazioni dell&amp;#39;incarco ecc., ma non possono comprendersi i redditi d&amp;rsquo;impresa a causa del fatto che tale societ&amp;agrave; non residente non costituisce la istituzione o il luogo nel territorio di Cina. Da ci&amp;ograve; discende che tale societ&amp;agrave; non residente consegue principalmente i redditi provvisori e quelli tutto di cui&amp;nbsp; conseguito una volta (disposable income), coerentemente per tale societ&amp;agrave; non residente, non occorre fare la registrazione fiscale in Cina e si applica l&amp;rsquo;imposizione di ritenuta all&amp;rsquo;origine (withholding at source) che sar&amp;agrave; illustrata dettagliatamente di seguito. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;3.2.2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;.2. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;l&amp;rsquo;attenuazione della doppia tassazione: l&amp;rsquo;applicazione dell&amp;rsquo;aliquota ridotta.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; - Ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;art. 4, comma 1 della legge cinese di IRES, l&amp;rsquo;aliquota ordinaria in fine della imposta sui redditi delle societ&amp;agrave; cinese &amp;egrave; al 25%, per&amp;ograve; ai redditi sopramenzionati di cui all&amp;rsquo;art. 3 comma 3, si applica l&amp;rsquo;aliquota speciale, cio&amp;egrave; quella ridotta di 20% ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;art. 4, comma 2 della legge stessa. In punto della natura dell&amp;rsquo;applicazione di tale aliquota ridotta, pi&amp;ugrave; che essere una agevolazione fiscale, &amp;egrave; una misura di attenuare la doppia tassazione nel senso che tale misura costituisce uno dei due aspetti di una questione l&amp;rsquo;altro di cui &amp;egrave; il credito d&amp;rsquo;imposta. La questione in oggetto &amp;egrave; l&amp;rsquo;attenuazione della doppia tassazione. Mentre il paese della residenza che possiede la giurisdizione tributaria della residenza effettua il credito d&amp;rsquo;imposta nel fine di cimentarsi nel evitare la doppia tassazione, il paese dell&amp;rsquo;origine che possiede la giurisdizione tributaria del territorio dovrebbe applicare un&amp;rsquo;aliquota bassa relativamente nella riscossione di withholding tax in modo che il paese della residenza possa realmente condividere gli interessi fiscali secondo il principio dei gettiti fiscali condivisi tra il paese della residenza e il paese dell&amp;rsquo;origine, perch&amp;eacute; se il paese dell&amp;rsquo;origine applichi un&amp;rsquo;aliquota alta relativamente, il paese della residenza non potrebbe realmente condividere gli interessi fiscali dopo avere compensato i withholding taxes pagati dal contribuente nel paese dell&amp;rsquo;origine. Imperniandosi su tale ragione, nelle convezioni internazionali tributarie generalmente si prevede che il paese dell&amp;rsquo;origine possiede il potere d&amp;rsquo;imposizione in relazione dei redditi derivanti dagli investimenti con l&amp;rsquo;aliquota pi&amp;ugrave; bassa della quella prevista nei regimi interni. Dunque, la legge cinese di IRES ha stabilito l&amp;rsquo;aliquota ridotta di 20% nel caso dell&amp;rsquo;art. 3 comma 3 della legge stessa. Va rilevato che ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;art. 91 del regolamento d&amp;rsquo;implementazione, tale aliquota ridotta di 20% si riduce ulteriormente al 10% tenendo conto che l&amp;rsquo;aliquota ridotta di 20% non &amp;egrave; sufficientemente bassa dal punto di vista della prassi internazionale. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;3.2.2&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;.3. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la riscossione: l&amp;rsquo;imposizione di ritenuta all&amp;rsquo;origine (withholding at source).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; - Rispetto alle norme sulla tassazione della societ&amp;agrave; non residente che costituisce la istituzione o il luogo nel territorio di Cina, un&amp;rsquo;altra differenza importante concernente le norme della tassazione della societ&amp;agrave; non residente che non costituisce la istituzione o il luogo nel territorio di Cina comporta, come gi&amp;agrave; ho indicato, che si applica il metodo di ritenuta delle &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK175" name="OLE_LINK175"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;imposte all&amp;rsquo;origine&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; con cui si impone l&amp;rsquo;imposta sui redditi derivanti dal territorio di Cina nei confronti della societ&amp;agrave; in esame. A differenza della norma ordinaria relativa alla riscossione, la ritenuta delle imposte all&amp;rsquo;origine si applica essendo il reddito totale la base imponibile senza la deduzione delle spese. Ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;art. 37 delle legge cinese di IRES, per la societ&amp;agrave; non residente che non costituisce la istituzione o il luogo nel territorio di Cina, ovvero nel caso in cui, per la societ&amp;agrave; non residente che costituisce la istituzione o il luogo nel territorio di Cina, i redditi conseguiti non sono connessi effettivamente alla sua istituzione o luogo, i redditi derivanti dal territorio di Cina devono essere soggetti alla imposizione applicandosi la ritenuta della imposta all&amp;rsquo;origine con il pagatore come &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK171" name="OLE_LINK171"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;il withholding agent&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;(il sostituito d&amp;rsquo;imposta) il cui luogo dove il withholding agent si situa &amp;egrave; il domicilio fiscale. L&amp;rsquo;imposta deve essere ritenuta dal withholding agent dai pagamenti pagati o quelli dovuti quando si paga ogni pagamento o si dovrebbe pagare un pagamento. Per quanto attiene a tale disciplina fondamentale, i due concetti seguenti devono essere precisati ulteriormente:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK177" name="OLE_LINK177"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; quanto al primo, qual&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;e pagatore,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK178" name="OLE_LINK178"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;art. 104 del regolamento d&amp;rsquo;implementazion&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;e si riferisce alle organizzazioni o gli individui che sono soggetti direttamente ad un obbligo di pagare i relativi pagamenti in ossequio delle leggi e regolamenti o dei contratti; quanto al secondo, quale pagamenti, ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;art. 105, comma 1 del regolamento d&amp;rsquo;implementazione includono quelli monetari e quelli non monetari, come pagamenti a contanti, tramite la rimessa, bonifico e rights of equivalent value ecc. In punto ai pagamenti dovuti, si riferiscono ai pagamenti pagabili che devono essere annotati dal pagatore come i costi e le spese in ossequio del criterio di competenza(&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK184" name="OLE_LINK184"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;accrual principle&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;). &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Per quanto riguarda la ritenuta delle imposte all&amp;rsquo;origine, oltre alla disciplina fondamentale suddetta, ci sono ancora due altre discipline da specificare. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;La prima disciplina &amp;egrave; sulla designazione del withholding agent nell&amp;rsquo;ipotesi determinata. Ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;art. 38 della legge di IRES, quando la societ&amp;agrave; non residente consegue i redditi provenienti dai progetti dei contratti(Contracted Projects) e dai servizi forniti, le autorit&amp;agrave; tributarie possono designare il pagatore dei prezzi dei progetti e degli onorari quale il withholding agent. Per&amp;ograve;, allo scopo di evitare la designazione arbitraria da parte delle autorit&amp;agrave; tributarie e, in particolare, di prevenire che tale designazione sia utilizzata come uno strumento nel fine di competere per le fonti dei tributi tra regioni, il regolamento d&amp;rsquo;implementazione limita le ipotesi in cui le autorit&amp;agrave; tributarie possono designare il withholding agent ai seguenti tre casi; 1) il termine previsto dei progetti dei contratti o dei servizi &amp;egrave; inferiore ad un periodo d&amp;rsquo;imposta e c&amp;#39;&amp;egrave; la prova dimostrante che la societ&amp;agrave; non residente non compie gli obblighi tributari; 2) la societ&amp;agrave; non residente non effettua la registrazione tributaria o quella provvisoria, e non incarica l&amp;rsquo;agente nel territorio di Cina di compiere gli obblighi tributari;3) la societ&amp;agrave; non residente non effettua regolarmente la presentazione della dichiarazione delle imposte sui redditi delle societ&amp;agrave; o la dichiarazione in acconti. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;La seconda disciplina &amp;egrave; sul delinquent tax. Rispetto alle legislazioni precedenti, la legge corrente di IRES ha attribuito all&amp;rsquo;autorit&amp;agrave; tributaria pi&amp;ugrave; poteri di riscuotere i delinquent taxes dalla societ&amp;agrave; non residente. Ai sensi dell&amp;rsquo;art. 39 della legge stessa, se, per qualche ragione, il withholding agente non &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK174" name="OLE_LINK174"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;riesce ad effettuare&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; o il withholding agente non effettua la ritenuta delle imposte in ossequio alla legge, il contribuente devo pagare le imposte nel luogo dove i redditi sono prodotti. Se il contribuente, cio&amp;egrave; la societ&amp;agrave; non residente, non paga le imposte di per s&amp;eacute;, le autorit&amp;agrave; tributarie cinesi ha il potere di riscuotere tali imposte dai altri redditi che il contribuente riceve da Cina. Una situazione tipica in cui withholding agente non riesce ad effettuare &amp;egrave; dove un investitore straniero vende il suo investimento in una societ&amp;agrave; con gli investimenti stranieri ad un altro investitore straniero come una societ&amp;agrave; straniera che non effettua la ritenuta delle imposte sulle plusvalenze. Nel questo caso, se il primo investitore straniero non paga le imposte di per s&amp;eacute;, le autorit&amp;agrave; tributarie possono riscuotere le imposte sulle plusvalenze dai altri redditi che il primo investitore straniero riceve da Cina, ad esempio, dividends, royalties, affitti o interessi. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;a id="OLE_LINK39" name="OLE_LINK39"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;3.2.3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la sfida per la Cina nell&amp;rsquo;ambito della tassazione delle societ&amp;agrave; non residenti e l&amp;rsquo;elenco delle politiche applicative concretamente emanate negli ultimi due anni&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; - Infine, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK154" name="OLE_LINK154"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;passiamo &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;all&amp;rsquo;esame della sfida per la Cina nell&amp;rsquo;ambito della tassazione delle societ&amp;agrave; non residenti nella situazione attuale. Nel complesso, esiste, almeno adesso, una grande sfida per la Cina nel fine di tassare perfettamente i redditi conseguiti dalla societ&amp;agrave; non residente ed i seguenti tre principali problemi abbiano concorso alla formazione di tale sfida.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Nel primo luogo, il problema &amp;egrave; ci&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&amp;ograve;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; che le ragguardevoli fonti dei tributi si &amp;ldquo;fluiscono&amp;rdquo; fuori dal sistema della vigilanza fiscale. Nel contesto della globalizzazione economica, le attivit&amp;agrave; economiche straniere in Cina sono diventate sempre pi&amp;ugrave; frequenti e il &amp;ldquo;flusso&amp;rdquo; nel territorio di Cina dei capitali, informazioni, tecnologie e le forze di lavoro provenienti dall&amp;rsquo;estero ha generato le considerevoli fonti dei tributi. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Per&amp;ograve;, stante che i dispersivi oggetti tassabili, le dispersive fonti dei tributi, l&amp;rsquo;incerto tempo dell&amp;rsquo;avveramento del presupposto d&amp;rsquo;imposta e la difficolt&amp;agrave; sulla padronanza delle informazioni concernenti i tributi caratterizzano l&amp;rsquo;imposta sui redditi delle societ&amp;agrave; non residenti, la vigilanza di tale imposta &amp;egrave; resa abbastanza difficile ed &amp;egrave; facile perdersi tale imposta. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;In particolare, col svilupparsi continuamente il technicalization dei commerci transnazionali e col variarsi i metodi dei commerci, la fluidit&amp;agrave; delle fonti dell&amp;rsquo;imposta sui redditi delle societ&amp;agrave; non residenti &amp;egrave; diventata sempre pi&amp;ugrave; forte e tali fonti si possono nascondere sempre pi&amp;ugrave; facilmente. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Nel secondo luogo, il problema &amp;egrave; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la debole base della gestione delle imposte sui redditi delle scoiet&amp;agrave; non residenti. Allo stato attuale, tale debolezza si comporta nei seguenti tre aspetti: 1) nel certo senso, per la Cina, la gestione delle imposte sui redditi delle societ&amp;agrave; non residenti &amp;egrave; ancora una cosa nuova e non &amp;egrave; sufficientemente matura negli ambiti delle esperienze, della coscienza e del sistema, vale a dire che &amp;egrave; ancora nella fase sperimentale; 2) riguardando gli affari finanziari, la fiscalit&amp;agrave;, le lingue straniere, i diritti, la finanza internazionale, i commerci internazionali ecc., le operazioni relative alle imposte sui redditi delle societ&amp;agrave; non residenti sono tanto complesse tale che entra in collisione con la singola struttura delle conoscenze di cui le autorit&amp;agrave; tributarie cinesi, in particolare quelle di grass-roots enti sono dotate; 3) In un contesto attuale avente al centro il prelievo dei gettiti, le autorit&amp;agrave; tributarie cinesi non mettono adeguate attenzioni sulle gestione delle imposte sui redditi delle societ&amp;agrave; non residenti, pur avendo il relativamente enorme potenziale i gettiti di tali imposte, a causa della minore proporzione dei gettiti delle imposte sui redditi delle societ&amp;agrave; non residenti nei gettiti fiscali totali. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Nel terzo luogo, il problema deriva, da un lato, da il fatto che c&amp;#39;&amp;egrave; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK148" name="OLE_LINK148"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK149" name="OLE_LINK149"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la possibilit&amp;agrave; che in Cina il withholding agent non compie bene il suo obbligo delle ritenuta delle imposte&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;, data la relativamente debole coscienza giuridica del withholding agent e dato che le operazioni relative alle imposte dei redditi delle societ&amp;agrave; non residenti accadono occasionalmente e il withholding agent non ha una buona e completa conoscenza delle politiche in tale materia, d&amp;rsquo;altro lato, da il fatto che &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK150" name="OLE_LINK150"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;manca la cooperazione sufficiente e effettiva tra le autorit&amp;agrave; amministrative interessate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; e tale mancanza ha sfociato nella comunicazione non tempestiva di informazioni &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;In realt&amp;agrave;, dal certo punto la sfida e i problemi ad essa correlati suddetti sono connessi alla scarsit&amp;agrave; delle norme concrete relative alla tassazione della societ&amp;agrave; non residente, dato che nel momento in cui la legge nuova di IRES cominciava ad entrare in vigore, una serie degli atti giuridici che svolgono il ruolo di istruire la tassazione delle societ&amp;agrave; straniere erano abrogati o cessavano automaticamente di essere operanti. Dunque, nella materia della tassazione della societ&amp;agrave; non residente, alla legge di IRES e il suo regolamento d&amp;rsquo;implementazione, si sono gi&amp;agrave; aggiunti alcuni norme concrete emanandosi le politiche applicative concretamente emanate dall&amp;rsquo;Amministrazione Fiscale di Stato Cinese in base alla legge di IRES e il suo regolamento d&amp;rsquo;implementazione ed anche alla Legge&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK151" name="OLE_LINK151"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; di Amministrazione dell&amp;rsquo;Attuazione delle Imposte&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; e gli altri regimi pertinenti negli ultimi due anni allo scopo di rendere pi&amp;ugrave; dettagliati, normativi, pertinenti e operativi i regimi attuale. In vista del limite della lunghezza del presente contributo, si elencano soltanto i titoli delle queste politiche che si riassumono quanto segue: &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;1) &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;la circolare di Guo Shui Han n. 650 del 3 luglio 2008 emanata dall&amp;rsquo;Amministrazione Fiscale di Stato: &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Excluding Non-resident Enterprises from the Preferential Policies of Enterprise Income Tax Applicable to Small Meagre-profit Enterprises &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;2) la circolare di Guo Shui Fa n. 3 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;del&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; 9 gennaio 2009 emanata dall&amp;rsquo;Amministrazione Fiscale di Stato: &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Printing and Distributing the Interim Measures for the Administration of Source-based Withholding of Enterprise Income Tax on Non-resident Enterprises &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;3)&amp;nbsp; il decreto n. 19 del 20 gennaio 2009 emanato dall&amp;rsquo;Amministrazione Fiscale di Stato: &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Interim Measures for the Administration of Taxation on Non-residents for Contracting Engineering Projects and Providing Services &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;4) la circolare di Guo Shui Fa n. 6 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;del&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; 22 gennaio 2009 emanata dall&amp;rsquo;Amministrazione Fiscale di Stato: &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Issuing the Administrative Measures for the Settlement and Payment of Enterprise Income Tax on Non-resident Enterprises &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;5) la circolare di Guo Shui Han n. 50 del 23 gennaio 2009 emanata dall&amp;rsquo;Amministrazione Fiscale di Stato: Supplementary Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Clarifying the Scope of Administration of Collection of Enterprise Income Tax on Non-resident Enterprises&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;6) la circolare di Guo Shui Fa n. 11 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;del&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; 9 febbraio 2009 emanata dall&amp;rsquo;Amministrazione Fiscale di Stato: Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Issuing the &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Working Regulation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; for the Settlement and Payment of Enterprise Income Tax on Non-resident Enterprises&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;7) la circolare di Guo Shui Han n. 698 &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;del&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; 10 dicembre 2009 emanata dall&amp;rsquo;Amministrazione Fiscale di Stato&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;: &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on Strengthening the Administration of Enterprise Income Tax on Non-resident Enterprises&amp;rsquo; Equity Transfer Income &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK47" name="OLE_LINK47"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;4. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;le &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK29" name="OLE_LINK29"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;conclusioni&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;- La r&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;iforma 2007 dell&amp;rsquo;imposta sul reddito delle societ&amp;agrave; &amp;egrave; una pietra miliare nell&amp;rsquo;evoluzione del sistema fiscale cinese, visto che da tale riforma &amp;egrave; nata una legge moderna di IRES che rispetta la prassi internazionale e si integra alla comunit&amp;agrave; mondiale; Tale riforma &amp;egrave; una pietra miliare anche nell&amp;rsquo;evoluzione della politica di Business Invitation ed attrazione d&amp;rsquo;investimento, visto che l&amp;rsquo;orientamento delle tali politiche si &amp;egrave; trasformato nell&amp;rsquo;ottimizzazione dell&amp;rsquo;ambiente comprensivo d&amp;rsquo;investimento e dei servizi governativi dalla fornitura semplice delle agevolazioni fiscali. L&amp;rsquo;abolizione del sistema del doppio binario avente al criterio dividente le &amp;ldquo;identit&amp;agrave;&amp;rdquo; delle societ&amp;agrave; e l&amp;rsquo;introduzione del criterio di la societ&amp;agrave; residente e quella non residente sono proprio i risultati diretti dopo si sono attuate le idee suddette. Mediante l&amp;rsquo;indagine nel presente contributo intorno alla tassazione delle societ&amp;agrave; residenti e quelle non residenti, possiamo dire che la Cina ha preso le misure efficacemente nei confronti della doppia tassazione internazionale, mentre ha garantito la integrit&amp;agrave;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; della potest&amp;agrave; d&amp;rsquo;imposizione. Vale a dire che tale caratteristica dovrebbe essere quella pi&amp;ugrave; fondamentale dei regimi attuali cinesi relativi alla tassazione &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;delle societ&amp;agrave; residenti e quelle non residenti. Per i vari investitori stranieri, &amp;egrave; indispensabile venire a tali conoscenze.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK85" name="OLE_LINK85"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="_Hlk253152401" name="_Hlk253152401"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK40" name="OLE_LINK40"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK48" name="OLE_LINK48"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK49" name="OLE_LINK49"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK51" name="OLE_LINK51"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK52" name="OLE_LINK52"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK76" name="OLE_LINK76"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK57" name="OLE_LINK57"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK58" name="OLE_LINK58"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK53" name="OLE_LINK53"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK54" name="OLE_LINK54"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK56" name="OLE_LINK56"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK67" name="OLE_LINK67"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK23" name="OLE_LINK23"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK20" name="OLE_LINK20"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK17" name="OLE_LINK17"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK14" name="OLE_LINK14"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK22" name="OLE_LINK22"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK15" name="OLE_LINK15"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK10" name="OLE_LINK10"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK8" name="OLE_LINK8"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="OLE_LINK9" name="OLE_LINK9"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr style="height:1px;text-align:left;width:33%"&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0pt"&gt;&lt;a id="_ftn1" name="_ftn1"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="#_ftnref1" target="_self"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;dottorando in Diritto Tributario Europeo presso l&amp;#39;Universit&amp;agrave; di Bologna&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;times new roman&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-7476179252171282224?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/7476179252171282224/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=7476179252171282224' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7476179252171282224'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7476179252171282224'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2010/04/companytaxationchina.html' title='company_taxation_china'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-7992913901595656050</id><published>2010-04-03T13:08:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2010-04-03T13:08:16.846+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Per un Foedus equum</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Per un &lt;i&gt;Foedus equum&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="#FOOTNOTE-1"&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Federalismo e federalismo fiscale sono concetti che si prestano a molteplici letture, in base ai contesti giuridici, storici e sociali di riferimento: federalismo (fiscale) &amp;egrave; una parola che su Google restituisce (in lingua italiana) qualcosa come 443.000 risultati, nel 2009.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Noi ragioniamo da giuristi: per noi federalismo significa prima di tutto la riforma del 2001 e il Titolo V della Carta costituzionale, poi, pi&amp;ugrave; recentemente ancora, la legge 42 del 5 maggio 2009 che ha aperto al strada alla piena attuazione di quei principi: un federalismo responsabile, solidale e ispirato quindi a criteri di sussidiariet&amp;agrave;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Il federalismo del 2009 poggia cos&amp;igrave; su due pilastri fondamentali, dei quali uno &amp;egrave; di matrice strettamente tributaria, mentre l&amp;rsquo;altro dovrebbe appartenere pi&amp;ugrave; che altro al diritto finanziario.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Il primo impone un coordinamento dei centri di spesa con i centri di prelievo, il che comporter&amp;agrave; automaticamente maggiore responsabilit&amp;agrave; da parte degli enti nel gestire le risorse. Una regola di &amp;ldquo;prossimit&amp;agrave;&amp;rdquo; dunque, finalizzata a costruire una simmetria fra chi spende e chi incassa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Il secondo postula invece la sostituzione della spesa storica, basata sulla continuit&amp;agrave; dei livelli raggiunti l&amp;rsquo;anno precedente, con la spesa &lt;i&gt;standard&lt;/i&gt;. A favore delle regioni con minore capacit&amp;agrave; fiscale - cos&amp;igrave; come prevede l&amp;rsquo;art.119 della Costituzione - interverr&amp;agrave; un fondo perequativo, assegnato senza vincolo di destinazione.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Un &lt;i&gt;foedus equum&lt;/i&gt;, dunque.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Gli antichi Romani distinguevano i patti di federazione con le genti italiche in due tipologie, il &lt;i&gt;foedus equum&lt;/i&gt; e il &lt;i&gt;foedus iniquum&lt;/i&gt;: questi accordi stabilivano le reciproche obbligazioni che da un lato Roma e dall&amp;rsquo;altro la trib&amp;ugrave; del caso si assumevano: a seconda che l&amp;rsquo;accordo fosse raggiunto con o senza guerra il &lt;i&gt;foedus&lt;/i&gt; poteva ricadere nella seconda o nella prima categoria rispettivamente.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Fortunatamente, i passaggi parlamentari e un clima politico costruttivo hanno evitato, almeno nella legge delega, l&amp;rsquo;iniquit&amp;agrave;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Il federalismo fiscale &amp;egrave; anche una prospettiva di evoluzione ordinamentale che sconta purtroppo anche molti luoghi comuni, per i quali esso si esaurirebbe in uno strumento per far pagare di meno: una leva per far pagare a ciascuno il suo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Per esperienza personale per&amp;ograve;, quando mi sono rapportato con amministrazioni fiscali locali e si sono affrontate questioni tributarie attinenti il &amp;ldquo;Federalismo fiscale&amp;rdquo;, la concezione federalista &amp;egrave; sempre stata vista come opportunit&amp;agrave; per tassare di pi&amp;ugrave;. Il contenzioso giurisdizionale pi&amp;ugrave; recente che si &amp;egrave; sviluppato nei confronti delle avanguardie federaliste regionali (per le regioni che potevano gi&amp;agrave; percorrere questa strada) ha visto la caduta di &lt;i&gt;ulteriori&lt;/i&gt; tributi regionali (la &amp;ldquo;Tassa sul Tubo&amp;rdquo; in Sicilia, quella sui marmi a Carrara, quella pi&amp;ugrave; famosa, sul cd. &amp;ldquo;Lusso&amp;rdquo; in Sardegna) davanti alla Corte costituzionale e poi anche davanti alla Corte di giustizia della comunit&amp;agrave; europea per i pi&amp;ugrave; diversi motivi, che qui non possono trovare spazio.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Sorprende (ma fino a un certo punto) che le prime pulsioni federaliste siano avvenuti in una logica che Niskanen definirebbe forse come incrementalista.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Di qui l&amp;rsquo;importanza della gestione del &lt;i&gt;foedus&lt;/i&gt;, che come ogni contratto &amp;ldquo;sociale&amp;rdquo; &amp;egrave; un rapporto di durata. Tutto questo non dipende solo dagli amministratori, ma anche dal custode del rapporto d&amp;rsquo;imposta, dall&amp;rsquo;Ente che concorre a garantire non la &lt;i&gt;law in books&lt;/i&gt;, ma la &lt;i&gt;law in action&lt;/i&gt; nel settore fiscale: l&amp;rsquo;Agenzia delle Entrate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Come risponde l&amp;rsquo;Agenzia, ente pubblico con sede in Roma (quindi il pi&amp;ugrave; centralista ?) alla sfida del federalismo ?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;La provocazione in questo senso &amp;egrave; evidente: tutte le amministrazioni finanziarie sono accentrate, perch&amp;eacute; solo cos&amp;igrave; si ottengono economie di scala adeguate alla fiscalit&amp;agrave; locale.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Internal Revenue Service&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Her Majesty&amp;rsquo;s Revenue Sevice and Customs&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Australian Tax Office&lt;/i&gt; sono tutte amministrazioni centrali che gestiscono sistemi fiscali pi&amp;ugrave; o meno federali (rispettivamente USA, Regno Unito e Australia): sopportano per&amp;ograve; il peso e la complessit&amp;agrave; di sistemi federali, con pretese impositive che a volte si sovrappongono, con fenomeni di doppia imposizione interna, conflitti di attribuzione che se dal punto di vista patologico trovano la loro soluzione davanti all&amp;rsquo;autorit&amp;agrave; giurisdizionale, per quanto riguarda la consulenza e la gestione dei tributi sono di loro prioritaria e principale spettanza.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Con queste premesse, non c&amp;rsquo;&amp;egrave; forse bisogno di introdurre il Dott. Antonino Gentile e il suo lavoro.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Il doppio curriculum, la sua &lt;i&gt;dual capacity&lt;/i&gt; (didattica e manageriale), lo rende uno dei migliori interpreti del cambiamento anche in un contesto come questo: per la formazione che propone, per la funzione che svolge diviene un attore nell&amp;rsquo;evoluzione attualmente federalista del Paese: in un certo senso, insieme ai suoi colleghi e all&amp;rsquo;Agenzia nel suo complesso, il garante.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;C&amp;rsquo;&amp;egrave; un passaggio nel &lt;i&gt;Federalist&lt;/i&gt; dedicato ai rischi del Federalismo fiscale che pu&amp;ograve; diventare una valida chiave di lettura per questi percorsi. &amp;Egrave; riportato al &lt;i&gt;Paper&lt;/i&gt; 30, pubblicato a New York il 28 dicembre 1787, dove Alexander Hamilton dice:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Nell&amp;rsquo;impero Ottomano il Sovrano, per altri aspetti Signore incontrastato della vita e delle fortune dei suoi sudditi, non ha per&amp;ograve; potest&amp;agrave; tributaria. La conseguenza &amp;egrave; tale che egli permette ai sui Pasci&amp;agrave; o Governatori di province di tassare le persone senza piet&amp;agrave; salvo poi rivalersi sui suoi Governatori o Pasci&amp;agrave; per quanto da lui necessitato.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Il paragone &amp;egrave; naturalmente con la situazione statunitense, nella quale la nascente federazione scontava le forze dei contrappesi dei governi statali (noi potremmo dire locali) a una sua politica fiscale resa necessaria dagli eventi legati alla nascita degli Stati Uniti.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Cos&amp;igrave; Hamilton chiudeva poi il suo discorso sul federalismo fiscale:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;What remedy can there be for this situation, but in a change of the system which has produced it - in a change of the fallacious and delusive system of quotas and requisitions ?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;What substitute can there be imagined&amp;nbsp; for this &lt;/i&gt;ignis fatuus&lt;i&gt; in finance, but that of permitting the national government to raise its own revenues by the ordinary methods of taxation authorized in every well ordered constitution of Civil government ?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Vale a dire:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Che rimedio pu&amp;ograve; essere trovato a questa situazione, se non in un cambiamento dello stesso sistema che l&amp;rsquo;ha prodotta - in un cambiamento del fallace ed inadeguato sistema delle requisizioni e delle quote di contribuzione [dei singoli Stati alle esigenze federali] ?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Che alternativa pu&amp;ograve; essere immaginata per questo fuoco fatuo della finanza, se non nella possibilit&amp;agrave; di concedere al Governo nazionale di provvedere al proprio fabbisogno introducendo imposte attraverso gli ordinari metodi di tassazione previsti in ogni costituzione di un governo civile ?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Cos&amp;igrave; allora con questa provocazione, con un inno alla tassazione centralista da parte di un difensore del Federalismo lascio la parola al lavoro del Dott. Antonino Gentile, che nella prospettiva di un ente centrale (ma si spera non centralista) &amp;egrave; sicuramente anche per questo motivo nella posizione migliore per affrontare questa complessa tematica.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Marco Greggi, Universit&amp;agrave; di Ferrara&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;Aprile 2010&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div class="endnotes"&gt;&lt;p style="page-break-before: always; text-align: center"&gt;notes&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;a name="FOOTNOTE-1"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Introduzione di Marco Greggi al libro &amp;quot;Percorsi di Federalismo fiscale&amp;quot;, di Antonino Gentile, Roma, 2010.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-7992913901595656050?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/7992913901595656050/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=7992913901595656050' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7992913901595656050'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7992913901595656050'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2010/04/per-un-foedus-equum.html' title='Per un Foedus equum'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-7103204258558357442</id><published>2010-03-18T16:12:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2010-03-18T16:12:28.122+01:00</updated><title type='text'>invitation_jurisprudential_perspective</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="google_header" id="google_header"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="awqr" style="text-align:left"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;img src="http://docs.google.com/File?id=dg8pdhj9_1053ct9ss8f6_b" style="height:61.9355px;width:320px"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;img src="http://docs.google.com/File?id=dg8pdhj9_15984rnj4vf9_b" style="height:75px;width:220px"&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="5"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="5"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;Jurisprudential Perspectives of Taxation Law&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The Faculty of Law, University of Ferrara&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;invites scholars to a colloquium of six seminars &lt;br&gt;on September 7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;th&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; and 8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;th&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; 2010&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;T&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;he colloquium&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;will focus on analytical and descriptive legal philosophy as applied to income tax law, examining judicial reasoning in income tax cases: it will be mainly based on the academic works and researches by Prof. John Prebble. Seminars will examine such questions as: is income tax law qualitatively different from other law? Are conventional explanations of the complexity and incoherence of income tax law persuasive? Do legal philosophers&amp;rsquo; expositions of the nature of law adequately explain the nature of income tax law? What light do theories of jurisprudence that have not traditionally examined income tax law shed on these questions? (Discussion will generally not be concerned with normative jurisprudence nor with, for instance, whether governments should use taxes to redistribute &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;wealth.) The proposed six seminars are:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="zeroBorder" style="margin-left:0pt"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style="text-align:left"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:top;width:241.7pt"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tuesday September 7&lt;/b&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;b&gt;th&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;b&gt; 2010&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;1. Ectopia of income tax law&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;2. Fictions of income tax law&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;3. Form and substance in income tax law&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;4. Autopoiesis and income tax law&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:top;width:241.7pt"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wednesday September 8&lt;/b&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;b&gt;th&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;b&gt; September 2010&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;5. The general anti-avoidance rule and the rule&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;of law&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;6. Avoidance and morality&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;Cost:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;The University of Ferrara will not charge for attendance or for materials. Participants will bear their own costs of travel, accommodation, and sustenance.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;Eligibility:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;Members of University faculties, though there is space for a number of doctoral students and legal practitioners. Most participants will be scholars of taxation law, economics, or accounting, but legal and general philosophers are particularly welcome. Numbers will be limited to promote opportunities for discussion.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;Materials:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;Professor Prebble has compiled a collection philosophical writing and common law judicial decisions on which the seminars will be based. They will be circulated amongst the registered participants in PDF format.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;Proceedings:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;Registrants who are willing to lead or to co-lead seminars or to act as commentators or to add to the materials are warmly invited to advise Professor Prebble, john.prebble@vuw.ac.nz CCing their message to Dr. Marco Greggi at grgmrc@unife.it.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;Language:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;English.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;Antecedents:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;This colloquium will address similar themes to the Prebble-Vording seminars at the University of Leiden in 2005, the Prebble-Chowdry seminars at King&amp;rsquo;s College London in 2006. and the Prebble-Amparo Grau Ruiz at Universidad Complutense de Madrid in 2008.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;Additional information and &lt;u&gt;call for papers and contributions&lt;/u&gt;:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;Other informations including call for papers shall be available soon at www.dirittotributario.eu and on dirittotributario.eu group on Facebook social network.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:left"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Registration:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;Please register by e-mail to dirittotributario.eu at [universita.ferrara@gmail.com], copy to oriettaborgato@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;and include full contact details.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:left"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;&lt;b&gt;There is no formal deadline, but priority will be given to registrations received by July 30&lt;/b&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;b&gt;th&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;b&gt; 2010.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:right"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Hoping to see you soon in Ferrara,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:right"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Professor John Prebble (VUW) and Dr. Marco Greggi (UNIFE)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="google_footer" id="google_footer"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;trebuchet ms&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font color="#666666"&gt;Department of Law&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;trebuchet ms&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font color="#666666"&gt;Corso Ercole I d&amp;#39;Este, 37 - 44100 FERRARA - ITALY&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font color="#666666"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;trebuchet ms&amp;#39;"&gt;+39 (0)532 455968 - www.dirittotributario.eu - www.unife.it&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-7103204258558357442?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/7103204258558357442/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=7103204258558357442' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7103204258558357442'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7103204258558357442'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2010/03/invitationjurisprudentialperspective_18.html' title='invitation_jurisprudential_perspective'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-7834718514094935988</id><published>2010-03-18T16:09:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2010-03-18T16:09:27.513+01:00</updated><title type='text'>invitation_jurisprudential_perspective</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="google_header" id="google_header"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="awqr" style="text-align:left"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;img src="http://docs.google.com/File?id=dg8pdhj9_1053ct9ss8f6_b" style="height:61.9355px;width:320px"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;img src="http://docs.google.com/File?id=dg8pdhj9_15984rnj4vf9_b" style="height:75px;width:220px"&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="5"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="5"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;Jurisprudential Perspectives of Taxation Law&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;The Faculty of Law, University of Ferrara&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;invites scholars to a colloquium of six seminars &lt;br&gt;on September 7&lt;/font&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;th&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; and 8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;th&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt; 2010&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;T&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;he colloquium&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;will focus on analytical and descriptive legal philosophy as applied to income tax law, examining judicial reasoning in income tax cases: it will be mainly based on the academic works and researches by Prof. John Prebble. Seminars will examine such questions as: is income tax law qualitatively different from other law? Are conventional explanations of the complexity and incoherence of income tax law persuasive? Do legal philosophers&amp;rsquo; expositions of the nature of law adequately explain the nature of income tax law? What light do theories of jurisprudence that have not traditionally examined income tax law shed on these questions? (Discussion will generally not be concerned with normative jurisprudence nor with, for instance, whether governments should use taxes to redistribute &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;wealth.) The proposed six seminars are:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="zeroBorder" style="margin-left:0pt"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr style="text-align:left"&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:top;width:241.7pt"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tuesday September 7&lt;/b&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;b&gt;th&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;b&gt; 2010&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;1. Ectopia of income tax law&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;2. Fictions of income tax law&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;3. Form and substance in income tax law&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;4. Autopoiesis and income tax law&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="vertical-align:top;width:241.7pt"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wednesday September 8&lt;/b&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;b&gt;th&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;b&gt; September 2010&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;5. The general anti-avoidance rule and the rule&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;of law&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;6. Avoidance and morality&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;Cost:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;The University of Ferrara will not charge for attendance or for materials. Participants will bear their own costs of travel, accommodation, and sustenance.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;Eligibility:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;Members of University faculties, though there is space for a number of doctoral students and legal practitioners. Most participants will be scholars of taxation law, economics, or accounting, but legal and general philosophers are particularly welcome. Numbers will be limited to promote opportunities for discussion.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;Materials:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;Professor Prebble has compiled a collection philosophical writing and common law judicial decisions on which the seminars will be based. They will be circulated amongst the registered participants in PDF format.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;Proceedings:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;Registrants who are willing to lead or to co-lead seminars or to act as commentators or to add to the materials are warmly invited to advise Professor Prebble, john.prebble@vuw.ac.nz CCing their message to Dr. Marco Greggi at grgmrc@unife.it.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;Language:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;English.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;Antecedents:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;This colloquium will address similar themes to the Prebble-Vording seminars at the University of Leiden in 2005, the Prebble-Chowdry seminars at King&amp;rsquo;s College London in 2006. and the Prebble-Amparo Grau Ruiz at Universidad Complutense de Madrid in 2008.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;Additional information and &lt;u&gt;call for papers and contributions&lt;/u&gt;:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;Other informations including call for papers shall be available soon at www.dirittotributario.eu and on dirittotributario.eu group on Facebook social network.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:left"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Registration:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;Please register by e-mail to dirittotributario.eu at [universita.ferrara@gmail.com], copy to oriettaborgato@gmail.com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;font color="#000000"&gt;and include full contact details.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:left"&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;font color="#134F5C"&gt;&lt;b&gt;There is no formal deadline, but priority will be given to registrations received by July 30&lt;/b&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;b&gt;th&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;b&gt; 2010.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:right"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Hoping to see you soon in Ferrara,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-left:0pt;margin-right:0pt;text-align:right"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font face="Verdana"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Professor John Prebble (VUW) and Dr. Marco Greggi (UNIFE)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="google_footer" id="google_footer"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;trebuchet ms&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font color="#666666"&gt;Department of Law&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;trebuchet ms&amp;#39;"&gt;&lt;font color="#666666"&gt;Corso Ercole I d&amp;#39;Este, 37 - 44100 FERRARA - ITALY&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;font color="#666666"&gt;&lt;font face="&amp;#39;trebuchet ms&amp;#39;"&gt;+39 (0)532 455968 - www.dirittotributario.eu - www.unife.it&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-7834718514094935988?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/7834718514094935988/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=7834718514094935988' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7834718514094935988'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7834718514094935988'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2010/03/invitationjurisprudentialperspective.html' title='invitation_jurisprudential_perspective'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-8594513289617870007</id><published>2010-02-18T10:14:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2010-02-18T10:16:22.045+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Una giornata a Milano</title><content type='html'>L'altro ieri sono stato a Milano, in Cattolica, per un breve intervento in materia di Onlus.&lt;br /&gt;Ho tormentato un gruppo di eroici partecipanti con una chiacchierata che ha seguito quelle del Prof. Carinci e del Prof. Tassani. Spero di non aver lasciato troppi morti sul campo.&lt;br /&gt;Ad ogni modo, queste sono le slides che ho usato.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;iframe src="http://docs.google.com/present/embed?id=dg8pdhj9_1582hkx5kwcp&amp;autoStart=true" frameborder="0" width="410" height="342"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-8594513289617870007?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/8594513289617870007/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=8594513289617870007' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/8594513289617870007'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/8594513289617870007'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2010/02/una-giornata-milano.html' title='Una giornata a Milano'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-1599895127633807469</id><published>2010-01-18T21:51:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2010-01-18T21:56:45.226+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Qualcosa non torna</title><content type='html'>Oggi ho letto &lt;a href="http://www.dagospia.com/rubrica-3/politica/articolo-12423.htm"&gt;questa notizia&lt;/a&gt; sul mio sito di gossip preferito.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In particolare lo stralcio&lt;br /&gt;... omissis ...&lt;br /&gt;circa il prezzo del vaccino acquistato, ammontante a 184.800.000 euro, comprensivi di IVA, per 24 milioni di dosi, il Ministero ha evidenziato alla Corte dei Conti che esso è coerente con il prezzo che annualmente viene pagato per l'acquisto del vaccino antinfluenzale stagionale.&lt;br /&gt;... omissis ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Comprensivo di IVA ? Il vaccino ? Vado a memoria, e potrei ben sbagliare, ma i medicinali sono esenti da IVA. Se l'acquisto è stato fatto da novartis italia dovrebbe essere così.&lt;br /&gt;Se è stato fatto da Novartis XY estera e comunitaria, l'acquisto doveva essere pianificato in modo da diventare non imponibile prima (intraUE) e poi esente sul territorio.&lt;br /&gt;E' questo che non ho capito.&lt;br /&gt;L'unico modo per applicare l'IVa in questo caso è che il vaccino sia stato comprato dal ministero (o un suo dipartimento) come "consumatore finale" quindi soggetto passivo IVA al quale è stata emessa la fattura di 'sta novartis, peraltro di uno stato estero.&lt;br /&gt;O mi sono perso qualcosa ?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-1599895127633807469?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/1599895127633807469/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=1599895127633807469' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/1599895127633807469'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/1599895127633807469'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2010/01/qualcosa-non-torna.html' title='Qualcosa non torna'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-8170715169278331383</id><published>2009-12-12T09:28:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2009-12-12T09:29:34.971+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Le tasse sul lusso al vaglio della Corte di giustizia</title><content type='html'>Cadono in Lussemburgo le ultime due forme di prelievo regionali introdotte dalla Regione Sardegna con la L. regionale 11 maggio 2006, n.4 (modificata poi con L. regionale 29 maggio 2007, n. 2) e note come “tasse sul lusso”.&lt;br /&gt;Si trattava di due imposte che, in sintesi, colpivano lo scalo in regione di aeromobili dedicati al trasporto privato di persone ovvero quello, in porti e approdi, di imbarcazioni da diporto quando l’esercizio del mezzo di trasporto era assunto da persona avente il domicilio fiscale al di fuori del territorio insulare. &lt;br /&gt;Unitamente alle altre, che però non erano sopravvissute al vaglio di legittimità costituzionale della sentenza 102/08 della Consulta, dovevano la loro qualificazione all’intentio perseguita dal legislatore sardo: quella di assoggettare a una forma di prelievo diversificato operatori economici non residenti per impiegare il gettito così ottenuto per la salvaguardia dell’ambiente insulare.&lt;br /&gt;Diversamente dagli altri prelievi, incostituzionali per violazione degli art. 3, 53, 117 e 119 della Carta, per quelli qui in questione la Consulta aveva sollevato ex art. 234 del Trattato una questione di incompatibilità con il diritto comunitario nella duplice prospettiva dell’art. 49 (libera prestazione di servizi) e dell’art. 87 (divieto di aiuti di stato), data la loro esclusiva incidenza su imprese non sarde.&lt;br /&gt;Nell’uno e nell’atro caso la risposta dei giudici del Lussemburgo è stata netta, nel senso dei un’assoluta incompatibilità delle imposte in esame con il diritto comunitario.&lt;br /&gt;Nella prima prospettiva (art. 49) la Corte ha confermato una lettura estensiva della libertà in questione, come tale in grado di comprendere anche la “libertà dei destinatari dei servizi” che entra in gioco quando il prestatore si sposta presso il destinatario per ivi svolgere la sua attività. &lt;br /&gt;Una discriminazione può, tuttavia, essere tollerata se è tale solo apparentemente (cfr. § 42): quando cioè nei fatti va a ricostruire una simmetria altrimenti persa fra concorso alle pubbliche spese e fruizione di servizi. Si tratta, in fin dei conti, di un corollario della massima aristotelica nicomachea per la quale se da un lato non è ammissibile trattare gli uguali in modo diverso, dall’altro non lo è neppure trattare i diversi in modo uguale (nella giurisprudenza comunitaria si vedano i precedenti C-279/93 § 31 e C-527/06 § 59).&lt;br /&gt;Neppure in questo senso, tuttavia, le “tasse” in questione hanno superato il vaglio della giurisprudenza comunitaria: da un lato, perché la finalizzazione del gettito in questione alla salvaguardia dell’ambiente (sì da considerare le imposte in questione quasi alla stregua di tributi di scopo e a legittimare quindi la loro asimmetria come rilevato in C-303/07 §§ 71 e 72) non sarebbe né confermata nei fatti (si veda il § 43 della sentenza) né troverebbe riscontro in una analogo prelievo “ambientale” applicato ai soli sardi; dall’altro perché  l’assoggettamento alla fiscalità generale (utilizzata anche per la salvaguardia dell’ambiente) da parte degli isolani non è considerata elemento adeguato dalla Corte. In questa seconda prospettiva, tuttavia, non va taciuto che così ragionando essa implicitamente legittima (cfr. §§ 46 e 47) ipotesi di free raiding di beni pubblici che invece dovrebbero essere scongiurate proprio per quelle ragioni di coerenza (o coesione) del sistema tributario (regionale, in questo caso) che in altri contesti invece hanno portato a conclusioni diverse.&lt;br /&gt;Neppure la natura regionale del prelievo, poi, ha evitato alla Sardegna l’esito che si è sintetizzato sopra dal punto di vista dell’art. 87. &lt;br /&gt;La selettività del vantaggio accordato alle imprese sarde (escluse dal versamento delle “tasse” in questione) non sarebbe tale (nella prospettiva della dottrina europea e della richiamata giurisprudenza C-88/03) se riferita al contesto di applicazione, vale a dire la regione Sardegna. In altri termini, come insegna la stessa giurisprudenza comunitaria riportata: una misura fiscale può essere selettiva oppure no a seconda della prospettiva nella quale è valutata. Così un prelievo che costituisce aiuto di stato in una dimensione nazionale, non lo è (non è selettivo) se invece è apprezzato in un contesto regionale, come appunto nel caso della Sardegna, peraltro dotata di autonomia statutaria adeguata a giustificare una diversa prospettiva di valutazione.&lt;br /&gt;Neppure queste considerazioni hanno trovato riscontro nella Corte, che pur confermando i precedenti in materia, ha ritenuto che il giudizio debba altresì tener conto di un (non meglio precisato) obiettivo perseguito attraverso la misura in esame che può ugualmente determinare un esito selettivo inaccettabile (cfr. § 61). In questo senso appare evidente o la natura tautologica del ragionamento della Corte o la sua incoerenza con la ratio decidendi manifestata nei precedenti in materia.&lt;br /&gt;Insomma la bocciatura a tutto campo dei prelievi tributari sardi in questione, più che probabile date le conclusioni dell’Avvocato generale Kokott (presentate il 2 luglio 2009), conferma una lettura rigida del divieto di aiuti di stato che se da un lato garantisce la efficiente ed efficace salvaguardia della parità concorrenziale, dall’altro non può che far riflettere nella misura in cui trascura sia le innegabili specificità della realtà insulare sarda, sia finisce per negare la legittimazione a determinate forme di prelievo orientate alla protezione dell’ambiente e della salute.&lt;br /&gt;Si tratta di un modo del tutto particolare di salutare il rinnovato riconoscimento e rispetto delle “autonomie locali” dell’art. 3 bis, introdotto dal Trattato di Lisbona (art. 1) che proprio in questi giorni entra in vigore.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-8170715169278331383?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/8170715169278331383/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=8170715169278331383' title='1 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/8170715169278331383'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/8170715169278331383'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/12/le-tasse-sul-lusso-al-vaglio-della.html' title='Le tasse sul lusso al vaglio della Corte di giustizia'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-5390264531727614945</id><published>2009-12-03T14:39:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2009-12-03T15:03:52.142+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Date degli esami 2010 !</title><content type='html'>Ieri sono finiti i corsi di diritto tributario, l'ultimo anno a Ferrara nella laurea triennale.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho già caricato con la nuova procedura le date di tutti gli appelli per il 2010, qui di seguito le riscrivo per comodità vostra.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8 gennaio 15.30 - RO 09.00&lt;br /&gt;25 gennaio 15.30 - RO 09.00&lt;br /&gt;9 febbraio 15.30 - RO 09.00&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1 giugno 15.30 - RO 09.00&lt;br /&gt;18 giugno 15.30 - RO 09.00&lt;br /&gt;30 giugno 15.30 - RO 09.00&lt;br /&gt;15 luglio 15.30 - RO 09.00&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3 settembre 15.30 - RO 09.00&lt;br /&gt;20 settembre 15.30 - RO 09.00&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;fuori corso&lt;br /&gt;3 marzo 15.30 - RO 09.00&lt;br /&gt;9 aprile 15.30 - RO 09.00&lt;br /&gt;3 novembre 09.00 - RO 15.00&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La scritta RO indica l'orario a ROVIGO&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-5390264531727614945?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/5390264531727614945/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=5390264531727614945' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/5390264531727614945'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/5390264531727614945'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/12/date-degli-esami-2010.html' title='Date degli esami 2010 !'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-7159821075806092171</id><published>2009-11-22T22:28:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2009-11-22T22:39:12.777+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Ha ragione Tremonti</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://vibrisse.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/giulio_tremonti_777t1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 450px; height: 325px;" src="http://vibrisse.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/giulio_tremonti_777t1.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ho partecipato a un bando di finanziamento pubblico con un mio progetto di ricerca.&lt;br /&gt;Ho impiegato 2 giorni a tempo pieno per compilare la domande, la documentazione e corredarlo da una adeguata bibliografia.&lt;br /&gt;Dopo non so quanti mesi (6, 8 ?) ricevo questa risposta&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Egr. Signori,&lt;br /&gt;con riferimento all’invito a presentare progetti in materia di cultura del diritto d’autore in ambito universitario del 4 maggio 2009, al quale avete partecipato con una proposta progettuale, il Comitato Paritetico CRUI, SIAE, Autori ed Editori ha completato le procedure di selezione dei progetti stessi e, dopo ampia valutazione e tenendo conto dell’ammontare di risorse disponibili, ha all’unanimità scelto i progetti da ammettere a finanziamento, tra i quali ci dispiace comunicare non è presente quello da voi presentato.&lt;br /&gt; Con i nostri migliori saluti&lt;br /&gt;Il Comitato Paritetico CRUI, SIAE, Autori ed Editori&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alla faccia. &lt;br /&gt;Da chi sono stato giudicato ? &lt;br /&gt;Quando ? &lt;br /&gt;Cosa c'era di sbagliato nel mio progetto ? &lt;br /&gt;Quali parti dovevo scrivere meglio ?&lt;br /&gt;Chi ha vinto il finanziamento ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Molti oggi, studenti e docenti, si lamentano per i tagli alla ricerca. &lt;br /&gt;Hanno spesso ragione.&lt;br /&gt;Ma fino a quando quel poco che c'è è assegnato, nella migliore delle ipotesi, con criteri occulti (&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;absit iniuria verbis&lt;/span&gt;) allora è meglio un trattamento d'urto.&lt;br /&gt;Se per ogni 100 euro che lo stato oggi pompa nella ricerca, solo 5 o 6 vanno a segno, ci possiamo ancora permettere di andare avanti così ?&lt;br /&gt;Se lo stato decide di tagliare 50 euro alla ricerca di modo che solo 2 o 3 restino a disposizione della ricerca vera, dobbiamo essere contenti o scontenti ?&lt;br /&gt;E per favore, niente riflessioni o scritte del cavolo tipo "Sì ma bisognerebbe ripensare profondamente anche i criteri meritocratici e di qualità per far sì che ..." oppure "Bisongna cambiare le regole e ...". &lt;br /&gt;Il succo è: tagliamo prima, e cambiamo le regole poi, cambiamo le regole prima e tagliamo poi ?&lt;br /&gt;No perché a cambiare le regole secondo le regole non bastano 50 anni, a tagliare ne basta uno.&lt;br /&gt;Lasciamo i distintivi a quelli di guardia. Almeno una volta.&lt;br /&gt;Io la vedo così: vale ancora la pena di morire per Danzica ?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-7159821075806092171?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/7159821075806092171/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=7159821075806092171' title='1 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7159821075806092171'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7159821075806092171'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/11/ha-ragione-tremonti.html' title='Ha ragione Tremonti'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-6225969467004463231</id><published>2009-11-06T17:30:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2009-11-06T17:31:48.631+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Studiare a Taiwan</title><content type='html'>L'NSC - National Science Council di Taiwan (Cina) ha sponsorizzato e lanciato ufficialmente il &lt;a href="http://france.nsc.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=16851&amp;ctNode=914"&gt;Summer Program in Taiwan 2010&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;A favore degli studenti italiani laureati sono state allocate le risorse per 5 borse di studio per un periodo di tirocinio della durata di 2 mesi presso istituti di ricerca di Taiwan in tutti i settori accademici.&lt;br /&gt;Le domande vanno presentate on line.&lt;br /&gt;Scadenze&lt;br /&gt;15-02-2010 : Termine per la presentazione delle candidature&lt;br /&gt;Referente&lt;br /&gt;Visa Service:&lt;br /&gt;Ufficio di Rappresentanza di Taipei in Italia&lt;br /&gt;Viale Liegi 17&lt;br /&gt;00198 Roma&lt;br /&gt;Tel: 06.9826.2800&lt;br /&gt;Fax: 06.9826.2806&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-6225969467004463231?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/6225969467004463231/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=6225969467004463231' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/6225969467004463231'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/6225969467004463231'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/11/studiare-taiwan.html' title='Studiare a Taiwan'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-5351715948394857158</id><published>2009-11-02T13:25:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2009-11-02T13:27:53.444+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Una Summer School a Vienna</title><content type='html'>Dear collegues,&lt;br /&gt;With this e-mail we would like to invite full-time students from Central Easterin European (CEE) countries to participate in the CEE Vienna International Tax Law Summer School 2010  scheduled from July 19 – July 23, 2010 and organised by the Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law at the WU (Vienna University of Economics and Business).&lt;br /&gt;This program comprises a week of intensive work on scientific topics covering the practice of double tax treaties and European tax law, taught by professors and experienced research staff of our Institute. The program is limited to about 25-30 students in order to ensure high quality. Renowned partners from the business community support the program. The participation fee amounts to EUR 2000,-, full-time student may apply for a “waiver”. A subsidy for travel and/or accommodation expenses may be granted upon request. Participants are asked for a non reimbursable handling charge of EUR 50,-.&lt;br /&gt;Please find further details on the program and the application on our website &lt;a href="http://www.wu.ac.at/taxlaw"&gt;www.wu.ac.at/taxlaw&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;We would like to invite you to forward this program to interested full time students in the CEE-area and are looking forward to receiving their full applications!&lt;br /&gt;Kind regards,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Michael Lang / Josef Schuch / Claus Staringer / Pasquale Pistone / Alfred Storck / Maria Sitkovich-Wimmer&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-5351715948394857158?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/5351715948394857158/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=5351715948394857158' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/5351715948394857158'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/5351715948394857158'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/11/una-summer-school-vienna.html' title='Una Summer School a Vienna'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-4991002430135144729</id><published>2009-10-24T12:29:00.003+02:00</published><updated>2009-10-24T12:31:53.427+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Per i soli laureandi in diritto tributario</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://incipitcorsi.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/libri-libro.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 510px; height: 383px;" src="http://incipitcorsi.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/libri-libro.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gentili Studenti,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;tutti voi mi avete consegnato porzioni di tesi (in un caso, tutta la tesi) che sono ad oggi in lavorazione.&lt;br /&gt;per una serie di motivi scientifici (ho 2 lavori in scadenza, 1 dei quali autentica sopravvenienza passiva) non riuscirò a leggere le vostre parti prima delle festività (penso a quelle di Ognissanti, non di Natale ... non pensate male !!!!). &lt;br /&gt;Per questo non preoccupatevi del mio silenzio in questi giorni.&lt;br /&gt;Proverò a recuperare non appena possibile.&lt;br /&gt;Scrivetemi invece subito se questo ritardo pregiudica qualche vostra scadenza amministrativa, che al momento non mi sovviene.&lt;br /&gt;Scrivetemi il 2 novembre se invece a quella data non avrete avuto ancora un feed back da parte mia.&lt;br /&gt;P.S. Bertolasi, attivi la sua mail istituzionale per favore !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Marco Greggi&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-4991002430135144729?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/4991002430135144729/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=4991002430135144729' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/4991002430135144729'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/4991002430135144729'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/10/per-i-soli-laureandi-in-diritto.html' title='Per i soli laureandi in diritto tributario'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-4141038884398530708</id><published>2009-10-22T16:14:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2009-10-22T16:14:49.542+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Coming soon ...</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/SuBowNI_WlI/AAAAAAAACg4/4Yjihap6-yQ/s1600-h/lux.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 235px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/SuBowNI_WlI/AAAAAAAACg4/4Yjihap6-yQ/s320/lux.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5395427530960230994" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-4141038884398530708?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/4141038884398530708/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=4141038884398530708' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/4141038884398530708'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/4141038884398530708'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/10/coming-soon.html' title='Coming soon ...'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/SuBowNI_WlI/AAAAAAAACg4/4Yjihap6-yQ/s72-c/lux.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-91299024190196747</id><published>2009-10-22T09:13:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2009-10-22T09:14:51.599+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Il paradiso può attendere (ancora ...)</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Riporto un altro interessante articolo scritto da Claudio Antonelli per "LIbero Mercato" (tutti i diritti riservati, e già pubblicato in rete ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L'Austria incita il Lussemburgo e assieme spaccano il fronte della lotta al segreto bancario. Nella riunione dell'Ecofin di ieri Vienna, dove la segretezza nei conti sta scritta direttamente nella Costituzione, non ha sottoscritto un progetto di cooperazione fiscale fra Unione Europea e Liechtenstein. L'intesa con il principato sarebbe dovuta servire da modello per gli accordi da raggiungere con altri Paesi extra Ue, come la Svizzera, San Marino, Monaco e Andorra.&lt;br /&gt;L'intesa volta ad aprire un'era di cooperazione fiscale tra il Liechtenstein e i 27 Paesi Ue prevederebbe l'assistenza amministrativa e giudiziaria sulle imposte dirette e indirette. Sarebbe stata la prima del genere a essere raggiunta dall'inizio dell'offensiva contro il segreto bancario e contro i Paesi fiscalmente non cooperativi lanciata dalla UE sulla scia degli impegni presi in sede di G20.&lt;br /&gt;Prima di questa mossa sarebbe dovuta -questo ieri -essere applicata in toto la direttiva del 2005 sulla fiscalità del risparmio e sullo scambio automatico di informazioni sui redditi dei depositi dei non residenti. Austria, Lussemburgo continuano però a rifiutare lo scambio automatico autorizzando così implicitamente la oasi fiscali extra Ue semplicemente a tassare alla fonte gli interessi frutto dei risparmi degli stranieri.&lt;br /&gt;La direttiva prevederebbe che anche i tre paesi europei abbandonino il segreto bancario una volta conclusi accordi con i paradisi fiscali extracomunitari e raggiunto un livello di cooperazione soddisfacente con gli Stati Uniti. E su questo nodo è saltato il tavolo. Risultato?&lt;br /&gt;Austria e Lussemburgo non accettano di abbandonare il segreto bancario, non autorizzano le trattative con il Liechtenstein e gli accordi cooperazione antifrode fiscale con il paradisi fiscali nostrani saltano. O secondo i più ottimisti slitteranno di altri mesi. «Non abbiamo dato il nostro accordo», ha dichiarato il ministro delle finanze del Granducato, Luc Frieden, al termine delle discussioni con gli omologhi.&lt;br /&gt;Frieden e il collega austriaco Josef Pröll «non vedono alcun valore aggiunto» nell'accordo con il Liechtenstein rispetto alle intese bilaterali già raggiunte. «Non possiamo accettare un mandato nel quale è già stabilito cosa negoziare, quando noi ancora non sappiamo cosa metteremo nelle nuove linee direttive della fiscalità del risparmio», ha precisato il ministro lussemburghese.&lt;br /&gt;La Commissione Europea dovrà quindi ancora attendere prima di ricevere il mandato negoziale per un accordo di cooperazione antifrode con la Svizzera. Alias si continua con lo scambio di informazioni solo sull'Iva e sui reati doganali. Niente trasparenza sulle imposte dirette, ossia quelle sul reddito.&lt;br /&gt;Ulteriore conseguenza del niet di Austria e Lussemburgo potrebbe coinvolgere l'Italia. Non tanto per quanto riguarda lo scudo fiscale, dal momento che il rimpatrio del denaro dalla Svizzera e da San Marino sono già obbligatoriamente fisici, soprattutto per il futuro impegno dell'Erario e delle Fiamme Gialle. Lo stesso Giulio Tremonti c'è andato giù pesante. Dell'evasione sistematica dell'euroritenuta sarebbero responsabili tutti gli stati che godono della possibilità di non scambiare automaticamente le informazioni fiscali tassando direttamente alla fonte, ha fatto capire Tremonti.&lt;br /&gt;L'anno prossimo l'aliquota scatterà al 35%, un livello «in teoria abbastanza alto», ha sostenuto il ministro dopo l'Ecofin, «Ma tutti i Paesi, interessati lamentano una sfasatura nella quantità del gettito». Come dire troppo poco il denaro versato alle casse dell'Europa rispetto alle stime di conti occulti.&lt;br /&gt;Ma continuerà a essere difficile lottare contro la segretezza e i conti offshore finchè l'Europa continuerà a essere divisa. E prima di puntare il dito sulla Svizzera bisognerà capire se veramente la Ue una volta per tutte vorrà risolvere le tremende disparità fiscali che la contraddistinguono.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-91299024190196747?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/91299024190196747/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=91299024190196747' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/91299024190196747'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/91299024190196747'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/10/il-paradiso-puo-attendere-ancora.html' title='Il paradiso può attendere (ancora ...)'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-6998384377671327368</id><published>2009-10-19T22:07:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2009-10-19T22:07:58.794+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Cesare_Belluzzi_RAO</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="Section1"&gt;&lt;p style=" margin-left:0pt; margin-right:0pt; text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="5"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Reichsabgabenordnung&lt;/i&gt; (R.A.O.)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=" margin-left:0pt; margin-right:0pt; text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="5"&gt;Una prefazione al seminario&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=" margin-left:0pt; margin-right:0pt; text-align:center"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=" margin-left:0pt; margin-right:0pt; text-align:center"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Nella &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Grundgesetz&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt; del 1919 l’espressione «Repubblica» non compare: per il giurista tedesco del tempo è il concetto di &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Reich&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt; che assicura la continuità delle antecedenti costituzioni con la novella &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Weimarerreichverfassung.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Ciò non toglie che per mera comodità d’espressione, anche in sede storiografica si possa adoperare l’espressione «Repubblica di Weimar» come stanno a testimoniare i seguenti accenni bibliografici&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none"&gt;&lt;blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none"&gt;&lt;blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;A. Rosemberg&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Entstehung der Deutschen Republik&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;1871-1918&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Berlin 1928, trad. it., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Le origini della Repubblica di Weimar&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Firenze, 1972.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;A. Rosemberg,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Geschichte der deutschen Republik&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Karlsbad 1935, trad. it., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Storia della Repubblica di Weimar&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Firenze, 1972.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;E. Eyck E.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Geschichte der Weimarer Republik&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Zürich 1954, trad.it., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Storia della Repubblica di Weimar&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Torino 1966.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="Section1"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Per scrupolo si fa notare che i traduttori delle opere più recenti non sono stati altrettanto esatti come ad es.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none"&gt;&lt;blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none"&gt;&lt;blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;H. Schulze&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Weimar: Deutschland 1917-1933&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Berlin, 1982, trad. it., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;La Repubblica di Weimar. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;La Germania dal 1918 al 1933&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Bologna 1993.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="Section1"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Dal saggio di E. Vanoni (alludo a:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;L’esperienza della codificazione tributaria in Germania&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;, in &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Opere Giuridiche,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt; vol. II, Milano 1962) si è attinto largamente per la preparazione di questo seminario (di cui in calce si riporta l’elenco complessivo delle fonti) così come non sono stati preteriti gli altri due scritti fondamentali di questo studioso &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;(&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Natura ed interpretazione delle leggi tributarie&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;, Padova, 1932, in &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Opere Giuridiche&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;, vol. I, Milano 1962;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt; I soggetti passivi dell’obbligazione tributaria&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;, in «Foro italiano», 1935, IV, p. 21 segg.).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Quanto all’acronimo «RAO», è formato da tre parole «Reichs –Abgaben – Ordnung», riportate saldate l’una all’altra secondo la tradizione germanica dei termini composti. Per mere ragioni grafiche si erano riportate separate, l’una dopo l’altra dall’alto in basso.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Il termine «Ordnung» sta per ordine laddove in tedesco l’espressione codice viene espressa col termine «Kodex» o meglio ancora «Gesetz(es)sammlung»: il termine «raccolta» ci stava benissimo, ma questo non fu il parere dei grandi pionieri del Diritto tributario italiano, forse perché da sommi giuristi erano convinti che ogni raccolta, per rispecchiare in pieno la realtà sottostante, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;dovesse&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt; avere natura codicistica.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Il termine «Abgaben» indica una serie di termini, ma in questo caso appare imperativo l’uso del termine tributo.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;«Reichs» sta per «dell’Impero»; non è un dettaglio linguistico: il legislatore tedesco del tempo ha voluto ribadire la nuova, innovativa, natura di questo «Ordnung» che pretendeva di fare &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;tabula rasa&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt; delle antecedenti prerogative fiscali ed amministrative degli &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Staaten&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;, contemplati dalla carta bismarckiana del 1871, ai quali, come è noto andava la sovranità impositiva per le imposte dirette&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;L'&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Abgabenordnung&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt; del 1977 mutuata dalla A.O. dell’immediato dopoguerra, ossia dalla antecedente RAO, tosto depurata dalla &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Steuranpassungesetz&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt; del 1933 è stata redatta tenendo conto di un contesto costituzionale del tutto nuovo, in cui si fa esplicito riferimento ad una &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Bundesrepublik&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt; che nel 1949 si è data una sua &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Bundesverfassung &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;dove del &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Reich&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt; non si fa menzione&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Il che si spiega sia per l’incipiente divisione della Germania in due blocchi, sia per il fatto che in quel momento storico parlare di una patria comune a tutte le popolazioni germaniche non era né prudente, né opportuno.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Solo sul novello &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Deutsche Mark&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt; si fece riferimento alla «Unità» (&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Einheit&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;). &amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Peraltro il seminario in parola, come recita il sottotitolo e come si può evincere dalla bibliografia allegata, si sofferma sui 14 anni di Weimar, ha un taglio storico, e non pretende affatto di affrontare una disamina della RAO a livello di diritto positivo.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Approccio storiografico dunque e scevro da facili encomi nei confronti di questa&amp;nbsp; «Ordnung» che pure fu largamente mitizzata in tutto il mondo. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Ma anche da giudizi non equilibrati.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Dott. Cesare Belluzzi, &lt;i&gt;Università di Bologna&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Alessio G&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Ancora dell’imposta progressiva&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, in «Rivista Italiana per le Scienze giuridiche», 1897, p. 207 segg..&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Asprey R. B&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;The German High Command at War&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, 1991, trad. it., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;L’alto comando tedesco&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Milano, 1993.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Becker E.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Accentramento e sviluppo del Diritto Tributario tedesco&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, in &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;«Rivista di Diritto Finanziario e di Scienza delle Finanze»,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt; 1937,-I p., 137 ss. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Becker E., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Reichsabgabenordnung,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt; Berlin, 1928.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Belluzzi C&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;L’evoluzione dell’imposizione indiretta in Germania e i suoi presupposti politico-istituzionali. 1871-1919&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, in «Rivista di Diritto Finanziario e di Scienza delle Finanze»&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt; 2001-I, p 593 segg..&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Blumenstein E., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Schweizerisches Steuerrecht&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, vol. I., Tübingen 1926-1929.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Blumenstein E&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;System des Steuerrechts&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Zürich 1951.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Bühler O&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;L’importanza di Enno Becker per lo sviluppo del Diritto tributario tedesco dal 1918&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, in «Rivista di Diritto Finanziario e di Scienza delle Finanze», 1940, I, pp. 43 segg.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Bühler O., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Lehrbuch des Steuerrecht&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, I vol., Berlin 1927.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Bühler O&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Principi giuridici nella legislazione tributaria tedesca del&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;dopoguerra&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;1945-1951&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, in «Jus», 1951, p. 390 segg..&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Cannata C. A.-Gambaro A.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Lineamenti di Storia della Giurisprudenza&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;europea&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, vol. II, Torino 1989.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;De Viti De Marco A&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Principi di economia finanziaria&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Einaudi 1953.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;D’Amati N&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Diritto Tributario&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, vol. I, Torino vol. I, 1985.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Düwell K&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Fra federalismo, unitarismo e centralismo. La riforma del Reich e la ristrutturazione dei Länder nella Repubblica di Weimar&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;1918-1933&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, in &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Centralismo e Federalismo tra Otto e Novecento. Italia e Germania a confronto&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, a cura di O. Janz, P. Sulliera, H. Siegrist,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt; Bologna 1997.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Eyck E.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Geschichte der Weimarer Republik&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Zürich 1954, trad.it., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Storia della Repubblica di Weimar&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Torino 1966.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;fantozzi &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;A&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Profili storico-critici della Riforma della imposizione sugli scambi in Germania&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, in &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Studi di finanza pubblica-Studi sull’IVA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;collana diretta da Cesare Cosciani&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Milano 1968.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Fassò G., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Storia della Filosofia del Diritto&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, vol III, Bologna 1970.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Fioravanti M&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Giuristi e costituzione politica nell’Ottocento tedesco&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Milano 1979.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Fioravanti M&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Otto Mayer e la scienza del diritto amministrativo&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, in &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;La scienza del diritto pubblico. Dottrine dello Stato e della Costituzione tra Otto eNovecento&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Milano 2001.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Fischer F.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Griff nach am Weltmacht&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, 1961, Düsseldorf, trad. it., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Assalto al potere mondiale&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Torino 1964.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Fischer P., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Die Steuerumgehung. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Überlegungen zum deutschem Recht&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, trad it, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;L’elusione fiscale nell’esperienza tedesca&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, in &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;L’elusione fiscale&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;nell’esperienza europea&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;a cura di A. Di Pietro&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Milano 1999.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Flora F&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Manuale della Scienza delle Finanze&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Livorno 1912.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Gerber C.F&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;.(von), &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Grundzüge eines Systems deutschen Staatsrecht&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Leipzig 1869.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Giannini M. S&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Il pubblico potere. Stati e amministrazioni pubbliche&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Bologna1986.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Gozzi G.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Stato di Diritto e diritti soggettivi nella storia costituzionale tedesca&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, in &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Lo Stato di Diritto. Storia, teoria, critica&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, a cura di P. Costa e D. Zolo, Milano, 2003. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Hensel A&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Steuerrecht&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Berlin, 1924, trad. it., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Diritto Tributario&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Milano, s.d. ma 1931.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Hinze&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt; O.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Der Beamtenstand,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt; in «Vorträge der Gehe-Stiftung zu Dresden», 3, 1911, ora in &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Gesammelte Abhandlungen&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, II: &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Soziologie und Geschichte&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;a cura di G. Oesteich&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Göttingen, 1964, II ed., trad. it.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Il ceto dei funzionari&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Bologna, 1980.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Holtfrerich C. L&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;.(von),&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Rüstung, Reparationen und Sozialstaat. Die Modernisierung des Steuersystems im Ersten Weltkrieg und in der großen Inflation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, in &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Mit dem Zehnten fing es an&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, München 1992, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;a cura di U.Schultz.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Horne A.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;The Prince of Glory&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, trad. it., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Il prezzo della gloria&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Milano 1918.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Humbert L&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Die Begrundung der Reichsfinanzverwaltungs, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Bonn 1964.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Irti N&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;L’Età della decodificazione&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Milano 1999.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Irti N., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;La cultura del diritto civile&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Torino 1990.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Laband P&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Das Staatsrecht des deutschen&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Reichs&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, vol. I, Tübingen 1876.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Lutz H&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Zwischen Habsburg und Preußen. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Deutschland 1815-1866&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Berlin 1985, trad. it., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Tra Asburgo e Prussia. La Germania dal 1815 al 1866&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Bologna 1992.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Mannori L.-Sordi B.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Storia del diritto amministrativo&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Roma-Bari 2001.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Mayer O&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Deutsches Verwaltungsrecht&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, vol. I, Leipzig, 1895-96.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Meyer&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt; R&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Die Principien der gerechten&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Besteuerung, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Berlin 1884.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Masè-Dari E.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;L’imposta progressiva. Indagini di storia e d’economia delle&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;finanze&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Torino 1897.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;meinecke&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt; F.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Esperienze. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;1862-1919&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Napoli, 1971.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Miglio G&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Le origini della Scienza dell’Amministrazione&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Milano 1971.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Möller H&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Fürstenstaat oder Bürgernation: Deutschland 1763-1815&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, München 1989, trad. it., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Stato assoluto o Stato nazionale. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;La Germania dal&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;1763 al 1815&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Bologna 2000. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Moraw P.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Der Gemeine Pfennig. Neue Steuern und die Einheit des Reches im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, in &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Mit dem Zehnten fing es an&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, München, 1992, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;a cura di U.Schulz.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Neumark F&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Der Aufstieg der Einkommensteuer. Entstehung und Entwicklung&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;der Direkten Besteuerung&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, in &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Mit dem Zehnten fing es an&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, München, 1992, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;a cura di U. Schulz.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Neumark F&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Lasalles Steuerstreitschrift&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, in «FinanzArchiv», Zeitschrift, Band 23, 1963/64.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Niveau M&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Storia dei fatti economici contemporanei,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt; Milano 1970. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Nitti&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;F. S&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Principi di Scienza delle Finanze&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Napoli 1903.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Preuss H.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Entwiklung des Deutschen Städtewesens. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000; font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Entwiklungsgeschichte&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt; Deutschen Städteverfassung&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Leipzig, 1906, ristampa anastatica, Aalen, 1965.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Roscher&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt; W., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Finanzwissenschaft&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Stuttgart 1886.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Rosemberg A&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Entstehung der Deutschen Republik&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;1871-1918&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Berlin 1928, trad. it., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Le origini della Repubblica di Weimar&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Firenze, 1972.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Rosemberg A.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Geschichte der deutschen Republik&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Karlsbad 1935, trad. it., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Storia della Repubblica di Weimar&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Firenze, 1972.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Ritter G.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Staatskunst und Kriegshandwerk. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Das Problem des Militarismus in Deutschland&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, München, 1964 e 1968, trad. it., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;I militari e la politica nella&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Germania moderna&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, vol. II e III, Torino, 1973.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Rusconi G. E&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;La crisi di Weimar. Crisi di sistema e sconfitta operaia&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Torino 1977.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Sax E&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Die Progressivsteuer&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, in «Zeitschrift, für Volkswirthschaft, Sozialpolitik und Verwaltung», Wien, 1892.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Seligmann E. R. A&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt; Progressive Taxation in theory and practice, Baltimore 1894.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Shirer W&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, 1959, trad. it., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Storia del Terzo Reich&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Torino 1962.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Schomburg W.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Lexicon der deutschen Steuer-und Zollgeschichte, Abgaben, Dienste, Gebürhen, Steuern und Zölle von den Anfangen bis 1806&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, München 1992.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Schullern-Schrattenhofen (von) H&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;La riforma tributaria in Austria, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;in «La Riforma Sociale», anno IV, vol.VII, 1897, p. 369 segg..&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Schulze H&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Die keinesweg Goldenen Zwanziger Jahre. Steuerpolitik zwischen Inflation und Wirtschafrtskrise&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;1919-1932&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, in &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Mit dem Zehnten fing es an&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, München, 1992, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;a cura di U. Schultz&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Schulze H&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Weimar: Deutschland 1917-1933&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Berlin, 1982, trad. it., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;La Repubblica di Weimar. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;La Germania dal 1918 al 1933&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Bologna 1993. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Silvestri M&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Isonzo 1917&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Torino 1965.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Sirinelli J. F., Vandenbussche R., Vavasseur-Desperriers&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt; J.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;La France de 1914 à nos jours&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Paris, 2000, trad. it., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Storia della Francia nel Novecento&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Bologna 2003.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Sordi B., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Tra Weimar e Vienna. Amministrazione pubblica e teoria giuridica nel primo dopoguerra&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Milano 1987.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Stachura P.D&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;The Weimar Era and Hitler&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;1918-1933. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;A Critical Bibliography&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Oxford 1977.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Stahl F.J&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Die Philosophie des&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Rechts&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Heidelberg 1870.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Tipke K., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Die Steuerrechtsordnung&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Köln 1993.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Tipke K&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Enno Becker, Schöpfer der Reichsabgabenordnung&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, in «Steuer und Wirtschaft», &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Zeitschrift,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt; 1990, p.74 segg.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Tipke K.-Lang J&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Steuerrecht&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Köln 1994. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000; font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Vanoni E&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000; font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000; font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000; font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Natura ed interpretazione delle leggi tributarie&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000; font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Padova, 1932, in &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000; font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Opere Giuridiche&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000; font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, vol. I, Milano 1962.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000; font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Vanoni E&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000; font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000; font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;L’esperienza della codificazione tributaria in Germania&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000; font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, in &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000; font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Opere Giuridiche,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000; font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt; vol. II, Milano 1962.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Vanoni E.,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;I soggetti passivi dell’obbligazione tributaria&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, in «Foro italiano», 1935, IV, p. 21 segg..&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Vermeil E&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;L’Allemagne contemporaine, sociale, politique et culturelle&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Paris 1953, trad. it., &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;La Germania contemporanea. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;1890-1950&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Bari 1956.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Wagner A&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Finanzwissenschaft&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, Leipzig 1877&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Witt P.Ch&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;.(von), &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Patriotische Gabe und Brotwucher Finanzverfassung und politisches System im Deutschen Kaiserreich.1871-1914&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, in &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Mit dem Zehnten fing es an&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;, München 1992, &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;a cura di U. Schultz.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 35.4pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#0000ff; font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'"&gt;&lt;font size="3"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-6998384377671327368?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/6998384377671327368/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=6998384377671327368' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/6998384377671327368'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/6998384377671327368'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/10/cesarebelluzzirao.html' title='Cesare_Belluzzi_RAO'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-418140579268556988</id><published>2009-10-17T00:06:00.003+02:00</published><updated>2009-10-23T10:41:01.619+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Seminari di diritto tributario a Rovigo per il 2009</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/SuFqACvrQKI/AAAAAAAAChA/jpWr-37irZ4/s1600-h/manifesto_rovigo_belluzzi_2009.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 226px; height: 320px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/SuFqACvrQKI/AAAAAAAAChA/jpWr-37irZ4/s320/manifesto_rovigo_belluzzi_2009.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5395710377535946914" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finalmente definiti programmi e date per i seminari di diritto tributario che si terranno a Rovigo quest anno ad integrazione del corso di diritto tributario.&lt;br /&gt;Saranno solo due, a metà novembre.&lt;br /&gt;Ospite sarà ancora il Dott. cesare Belluzzi, dell'Università di Bologna.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-418140579268556988?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/418140579268556988/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=418140579268556988' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/418140579268556988'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/418140579268556988'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/10/seminari-di-diritto-tributario-rovigo.html' title='Seminari di diritto tributario a Rovigo per il 2009'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/SuFqACvrQKI/AAAAAAAAChA/jpWr-37irZ4/s72-c/manifesto_rovigo_belluzzi_2009.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-1856389530503058080</id><published>2009-10-08T12:06:00.003+02:00</published><updated>2009-10-08T12:10:57.336+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Spostamenti di aule a Rovigo</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.universitarovigo.com/2009/img/img_cur_top.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 650px; height: 432px;" src="http://www.universitarovigo.com/2009/img/img_cur_top.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Spostamenti di aule a Rovigo, per permettermi di usare la massimo "il powerpoint".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;MERCOLEDI'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Farò lezione dalle 09.00 alle 11.00 in aula 3 (con "il powerpoint")&lt;br /&gt;Farò lezione dalle 11.00 alle 12.00 in aula 9 (senza "il powerpoint")&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-----------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;GIOVEDI'&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Farò lezione dalle 13.00 alle 15.00 in aula 3 (con "il powerpoint")&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-1856389530503058080?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/1856389530503058080/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=1856389530503058080' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/1856389530503058080'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/1856389530503058080'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/10/spostamenti-di-aule-rovigo.html' title='Spostamenti di aule a Rovigo'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-1182131515975478711</id><published>2009-10-05T20:38:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2009-10-05T20:41:27.160+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Party Erasmus ???</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Ho ricevuto il seguente messaggio dall'Ufficio Eramsus nazionale in Roma, con preghiera di massima diffusione.&lt;br /&gt;Lo giro a tutti.&lt;br /&gt;Erasmus è una esperienza unica nella vita, se ve la potete permettere, non esitate neanche un minuto a partire ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;---&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Crea il tuo futuro: party con Erasmus!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tra le manifestazioni previste nell’Anno della creatività, in questa occasione non poteva mancare un focus speciale sul programma Erasmus, che spesso si rivela un’opportunità di start up per delineare in modo creativo i primi passi verso il proprio futuro.&lt;br /&gt;ERASMUS infatti è:&lt;br /&gt;STUDIO&lt;br /&gt;Dal 2° anno accademico si può trascorrere un periodo di studio, (min. 3 max 12 mesi), presso un Istituto di Istruzione superiore (es. Università, Accademia di Belle Arti, Conservatorio, Politecnico, etc.) all’estero, in uno dei 31 Paesi partecipanti, sostenendo esami e ricevendo un contributo economico ad hoc.&lt;br /&gt;…Un’esperienza unica per diventare Europe trotter del sapere!&lt;br /&gt;PLACEMENT&lt;br /&gt;Dal 2° anno accademico si può trascorrere un periodo di tirocinio all’estero, (min. 3 max 12 mesi), presso un’impresa in uno dei 31 Paesi partecipanti, cumulando crediti (CFU) e ricevendo un contributo economico ad hoc.&lt;br /&gt;…Un’esperienza unica per diventare Europe trotter del saper fare! &lt;br /&gt;Uno stand Erasmus sarà a disposizione di tutti i curiosi nel parterre del Palalottomatica.&lt;br /&gt;……e, per saperne di più……&lt;br /&gt;l’8 ottobre (alle ore 12.30 presso la Sala Gialla) ci sarà un workshop interamente dedicato agli studenti più curiosi e, tutti i giorni, sul palco, ci saranno le testimonianze di Studenti Erasmus che hanno già vissuto con successo esperienze di Studio e di Placement all’estero.  &lt;br /&gt;…..impossibile non PARTYRE con ERASMUS!!!&lt;br /&gt;- &lt;a href="http://www.programmallp.it/erasmus"&gt;www.programmallp.it/erasmus&lt;/a&gt; -&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-1182131515975478711?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/1182131515975478711/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=1182131515975478711' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/1182131515975478711'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/1182131515975478711'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/10/party-erasmus.html' title='Party Erasmus ???'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-5955293663722650663</id><published>2009-09-25T14:26:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2009-09-25T14:27:19.579+02:00</updated><title type='text'>caricati online le lezioni di Ferrara e Rovigo</title><content type='html'>Finalmente ho caricato i calendari ufficiali delle lezioni.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Li trovate entrambi nella pagina dedicata del blog: &lt;a href="http://web.mac.com/marcogreggi/corsi/Lezioni.html"&gt;qui&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-5955293663722650663?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/5955293663722650663/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=5955293663722650663' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/5955293663722650663'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/5955293663722650663'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/09/caricati-online-le-lezioni-di-ferrara-e.html' title='caricati online le lezioni di Ferrara e Rovigo'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-8274508030580675882</id><published>2009-09-24T10:15:00.003+02:00</published><updated>2009-09-24T10:37:38.002+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Comunicazioni agli studenti (orario di ricevimento e inizio lezioni)</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="320" height="266" class="BLOG_video_class" id="BLOG_video-79b3973cdd01d26d" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/get_player"&gt;&lt;param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF"&gt;&lt;param name="allowfullscreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="flashvars" value="flvurl=http://v5.nonxt4.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?id%3D79b3973cdd01d26d%26itag%3D5%26app%3Dblogger%26ip%3D0.0.0.0%26ipbits%3D0%26expire%3D1329991359%26sparams%3Did,itag,ip,ipbits,expire%26signature%3D51F3C3783DB0DD11B594B60E268E701964967D40.6704F27262484995F54B6BAF6D884CB951026F74%26key%3Dck1&amp;amp;iurl=http://video.google.com/ThumbnailServer2?app%3Dblogger%26contentid%3D79b3973cdd01d26d%26offsetms%3D5000%26itag%3Dw160%26sigh%3D4JE5VA7923x5qE9EmYKAoHZyMZ0&amp;amp;autoplay=0&amp;amp;ps=blogger"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/get_player" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"width="320" height="266" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"flashvars="flvurl=http://v5.nonxt4.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?id%3D79b3973cdd01d26d%26itag%3D5%26app%3Dblogger%26ip%3D0.0.0.0%26ipbits%3D0%26expire%3D1329991359%26sparams%3Did,itag,ip,ipbits,expire%26signature%3D51F3C3783DB0DD11B594B60E268E701964967D40.6704F27262484995F54B6BAF6D884CB951026F74%26key%3Dck1&amp;iurl=http://video.google.com/ThumbnailServer2?app%3Dblogger%26contentid%3D79b3973cdd01d26d%26offsetms%3D5000%26itag%3Dw160%26sigh%3D4JE5VA7923x5qE9EmYKAoHZyMZ0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;ps=blogger"allowFullScreen="true" /&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Novità importanti in tema di orario di ricevimento e inizio delle lezioni&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-8274508030580675882?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/8274508030580675882/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=8274508030580675882' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/8274508030580675882'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/8274508030580675882'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/09/comunicazioni-agli-studenti-orario-di.html' title='Comunicazioni agli studenti (orario di ricevimento e inizio lezioni)'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-9100119438442836925</id><published>2009-09-23T13:30:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2009-09-23T13:34:00.102+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Altre possibilità di studio e ricerca, ma sempre a Vienna ...</title><content type='html'>Ma ci è davvero convenuto aver vinto la prima guerra mondiale ?&lt;br /&gt;No, lo dico solo per il fatto che a Vienna, almeno in materia tributaria stanno offrendo possibilità "a nastro" come si dice dalle mie parti.&lt;br /&gt;Questa è l'ultima che giro alla vostra attenzione, soprattutto degli studenti e degli ex ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Dear Colleagues,&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law wants to inform you about the 2010 UACES Scholarships which are funded by UACES and the European Commission.&lt;br /&gt;The scholarships are designed to provide mobility to existing postgraduate students so that they can undertake research in another country. The scholarships are NOT for students looking for funding to enroll in a postgraduate course. More details can be found on http://www.uaces.org/awards/scholarships/.&lt;br /&gt;Please inform us in advance if you plan to use the UACES Scholarship to spend a research period at the Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law. The closing date for applications is 5th of October 2009 (for research periods between 1 January 2010 and 21 August 2010).&lt;br /&gt;Kind regards,&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Michael Lang / Josef Schuch / Claus Staringer / Pasquale Pistone&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-9100119438442836925?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/9100119438442836925/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=9100119438442836925' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/9100119438442836925'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/9100119438442836925'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/09/altre-possibilita-di-studio-e-ricerca.html' title='Altre possibilità di studio e ricerca, ma sempre a Vienna ...'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-1712150368873546341</id><published>2009-09-17T14:14:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2009-09-17T14:16:16.496+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Una posizione per Research Associate (ma sempre a Vienna)</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Ricevo da amici austriaci e volentieri divulgo ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dear colleagues,&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law at the WU (Vienna University of Economics and Business) is offering a young academic a position as research associate in the Special Research Program on INTERNATIONAL TAX COORDINATION.&lt;br /&gt;We would like to ask you to help us to spread this information among persons interested in this position. Specifically we would very much appreciate it if you could distribute the attached information among students and research staff at your university!&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Please find further information on our homepage &lt;a href="http://www.wu.ac.at/taxlaw"&gt;http://www.wu.ac.at/taxlaw&lt;/a&gt; and feel free to contact us: maria.sitkovich@wu.ac.at.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Many thanks in advance for your support&lt;br /&gt;Kind regards&lt;br /&gt;Michael Lang / Josef Schuch / Claus Staringer / Pasquale Pistone / Alfred Storck / Maria Sitkovich&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-1712150368873546341?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/1712150368873546341/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=1712150368873546341' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/1712150368873546341'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/1712150368873546341'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/09/una-posizione-per-research-associate-ma_17.html' title='Una posizione per Research Associate (ma sempre a Vienna)'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-8207654197660672753</id><published>2009-09-16T13:36:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2009-09-16T13:45:18.718+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Informazioni sul corso di diritto tributario - GREGGI e DI PIETRO</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="320" height="266" class="BLOG_video_class" id="BLOG_video-c00e34315072df7a" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/get_player"&gt;&lt;param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF"&gt;&lt;param name="allowfullscreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="flashvars" value="flvurl=http://v23.nonxt1.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?id%3Dc00e34315072df7a%26itag%3D5%26app%3Dblogger%26ip%3D0.0.0.0%26ipbits%3D0%26expire%3D1329991359%26sparams%3Did,itag,ip,ipbits,expire%26signature%3D2EA6935388A3E8E16E8C1CE00F4965E529E10BEE.5B3B681C8E2ED9950085168E1E1247EDEFE391E2%26key%3Dck1&amp;amp;iurl=http://video.google.com/ThumbnailServer2?app%3Dblogger%26contentid%3Dc00e34315072df7a%26offsetms%3D5000%26itag%3Dw160%26sigh%3D7MOKQlm5pj_R40owQncBXI2Qh8k&amp;amp;autoplay=0&amp;amp;ps=blogger"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/get_player" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"width="320" height="266" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"flashvars="flvurl=http://v23.nonxt1.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?id%3Dc00e34315072df7a%26itag%3D5%26app%3Dblogger%26ip%3D0.0.0.0%26ipbits%3D0%26expire%3D1329991359%26sparams%3Did,itag,ip,ipbits,expire%26signature%3D2EA6935388A3E8E16E8C1CE00F4965E529E10BEE.5B3B681C8E2ED9950085168E1E1247EDEFE391E2%26key%3Dck1&amp;iurl=http://video.google.com/ThumbnailServer2?app%3Dblogger%26contentid%3Dc00e34315072df7a%26offsetms%3D5000%26itag%3Dw160%26sigh%3D7MOKQlm5pj_R40owQncBXI2Qh8k&amp;autoplay=0&amp;ps=blogger"allowFullScreen="true" /&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-8207654197660672753?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/8207654197660672753/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=8207654197660672753' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/8207654197660672753'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/8207654197660672753'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/09/informazioni-sul-corso-di-diritto.html' title='Informazioni sul corso di diritto tributario - GREGGI e DI PIETRO'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-7018996343470937104</id><published>2009-09-11T08:23:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2009-09-11T08:29:36.516+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Aspettando The Luxottica case</title><content type='html'>La settimana scorsa ho finito la previsione del mio ennesimo lavoro in ferrara, che ho realizzato grazie al fondamentale supporto di Wim Wijnen, carla de Pietro e Maddalena Tamburini, tutti autori con me della prima opera in inglese edita dal centro studi di diritto tributario di Ferrara.&lt;br /&gt;Il lavoro è dedicato allo studio del cd. "Caso Luxottica" sul quale lo scorso anno abbiamo tenuto due giorni di seminario.&lt;br /&gt;Beh, non potete immaginare la mia soddisfazione quando oggi ho trovato in rete un articolo preso da L'Espresso (tutti i diritti riservati) e rilanciato da un noto sito web di gossip (al quale invero sono affezionatissimo lettore), Dagospia, al quale devo anche il titolo dell'articolo.&lt;br /&gt;Insomma, eravamo stati quantomeno tempestivi.&lt;br /&gt;Ai miei studenti di quest'anno (2009 - 2010) ne raccomando la lettura.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;OCCHIO NERO A LUXOTTICA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Luca Piana PER "L'ESPRESSO" (tutti i diritti riservati dall'autore e dall'editore)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Quando l'anno scorso uscirono le notizie di una prima indagine fiscale nei suoi confronti, il cavaliere del lavoro Leonardo Del Vecchio ruppe il tradizionale silenzio. I 20 milioni di euro che, all'epoca, l'Agenzia delle entrate gli chiedeva «riguardano il mio patrimonio personale» e «non hanno nulla a che fare con la Luxottica», disse.&lt;br /&gt;I mass media interpretarono questa pubblica dichiarazione, quanto mai rara in un imprenditore noto per il riserbo, come il tentativo di sottrarre al fuoco delle critiche la sua azienda, un gioiello leader al mondo nella produzione e vendita di occhiali.&lt;br /&gt;I veri obiettivi dell'industriale milanese, però, erano probabilmente altri. Negli stessi giorni in cui veniva a galla la prima grana con il Fisco, i legali di Del Vecchio erano alle prese con un'accusa molto più pesante, rimasta finora sconosciuta.&lt;br /&gt;Nel novembre 2007, dopo un anno di indagini, gli uomini dell'Agenzia delle Entrate di Milano avevano infatti notificato una serie di contestazioni che facevano apparire i 20 milioni pretesi in precedenza come una palla di neve a fronte di una valanga.&lt;br /&gt;Nel nuovo caso in esame, stando a documenti che "L'espresso" ha esaminato, i profitti sottratti al Fisco attraverso il cosiddetto meccanismo della esterovestizione sarebbero stati infatti pari a 1,55 miliardi di euro e l'imposta non pagata di circa 500 milioni. La Delfin, la finanziaria di famiglia che dal Lussemburgo controlla la Luxottica, rischiava di fronteggiare una delle maggiori accuse di evasione mai formalizzate in Italia, con un botta - fra arretrati, sanzioni e interessi - superiore al miliardo di euro.&lt;br /&gt;Uno scenario che, forse, ha convinto l'imprenditore a cercare un accordo di conciliazione. «La Delfin ha avviato da tempo una procedura volta a definire la vicenda in via bonaria e confida che una soluzione possa arrivare a breve», fanno sapere fonti vicine alla società. Che ribadiscono la posizione già espressa un anno fa, al momento della prima querelle con il Fisco: «La società non ha mai inteso mettere in atto comportamenti elusivi: si tratta di una vicenda interpretativa di norme internazionali».&lt;br /&gt;La storia di Del Vecchio, 74 anni, è una delle più note fra gli industriali italiani. Se oggi, con un patrimonio stimato in 6,3 miliardi di dollari, occupa la 71esima posizione nella classifica dei miliardari compilata dalla rivista "Forbes", terzo in Italia dopo Michele Ferrero della Nutella e il premier Silvio Berlusconi, la sua biografia parte in effetti da tutt'altre basi. Cresciuto a Milano nell'orfanotrofio dei Martinitt, inizia a lavorare con in tasca il diploma di incisore e si impiega in una ditta che stampa medaglie.&lt;br /&gt;A 26 anni fonda ad Agordo, nel distretto bellunese dell'occhialeria, la Luxottica, che trasforma in un colosso a suon di acquisizoni condotte in giro per il pianeta. A fine 2008 i ricavi raggiungono i 5,2 miliardi, i dipendenti quota 61 mila. Un motivo d'orgoglio, quello del successo sul lavoro, certamente superiore rispetto alle poche altre passioni note: il tifo per l'Inter e lo yacht di 62 metri Moneikos, comprato nel 2006.&lt;br /&gt;Al di sopra della realtà ben conosciuta della Luxottica, c'è però il ricco mondo delle partecipazioni di famiglia, sul quale si è concentrata l'attenzione del Fisco. Al vertice si trova la finanziaria lussemburghese Delfin, che custodisce il 68 per cento di Luxottica e altre ricche attività. Tra queste, il 2 per cento delle Assicurazioni Generali e il 25 per cento del gruppo Foncière des Régions, proprietario di palazzi e uffici tra Francia e Italia per un valore di 9,7 miliardi.&lt;br /&gt;La Delfin in Lussemburgo, dunque. Le azioni dello scrigno di famiglia sono divise in parti uguali fra i sei figli di Leonardo, che conserva i diritti di voto. La spiegazione sembra lineare: il padre ha in mano il comando, i figli la nuda proprietà. La struttura di controllo, però, non è sempre stata così semplice. Fino a pochi anni fa il primogenito Claudio, 52 anni, aveva una sua società che figurava fra i soci di Luxottica, mentre il papà e le altre due figlie di primo letto, Marisa e Paola, si dividevano quella che all'epoca era considerata la capogruppo, La Leonardo Finanziaria, localizzata in Italia.&lt;br /&gt;Questo assetto, che venne poi rivoluzionato per far posto ai tre figli più piccoli, ancora oggi minorenni, era complicato ulteriormente dal fatto che La Leonardo non deteneva direttamente l'intero pacchetto di azioni Luxottica di cui era titolare. Una quota, infatti, era custodita da una società tedesca, la Leofin Holdings, nella quale venivano parcheggiati anche investimenti temporanei. Come quello effettuato in uno dei più famosi marchi di gelati, l'italianissima Sanson.&lt;br /&gt;È proprio in Germania che nascono i guai. Il diritto tedesco, rispetto alle norme italiane di allora, prevedeva vantaggi fiscali in caso di cessione o di rivalutazione delle partecipazioni. Nel 2006, in seguito a uno scambio d'informazioni con le autorità di Berlino, l'Agenzia delle Entrate inizia così le verifiche sulla Leofin Holdings. E parte la prima scossa. Gli ispettori contestano il fatto che la sede della Leofin a Haar, nei sobborghi di Monaco di Baviera, sia solo di comodo.&lt;br /&gt;L'istruttoria mette in chiaro che la società non possiede una struttura autonoma e svolge le proprie operazioni sulla base di decisioni assunte in Italia. Passando al setaccio i bilanci del 1997-1998, viene inviato un primo avviso con la richiesta di 20 milioni di euro, fra multa e tasse. Del Vecchio fa ricorso alla Commissione tributaria di Belluno, lo perde e la notizia trapela sui giornali nel febbraio 2008, assieme alla decisione di fare appello.&lt;br /&gt;Il vero terremoto, però, doveva ancora arrivare. Due anni fa, infatti, gli uffici dell'Agenzia erano particolarmente attenti a casi come quello della Leofin perché Vincenzo Visco, viceministro del governo Prodi, stava tentando di colpire le catene di controllo cosiddette "a sandwich": una holding italiana che possiede una finanziaria straniera che a sua volta custodisce un'industria italiana.&lt;br /&gt;E la tedesca Leofin, nel sandwich dei Del Vecchio, è il ripieno perfetto. Soprattutto quando le verifiche si estendono al 1999. Un anno che sembra presentare due fatti straordinari: un utile di 1.554 milioni di euro, stratosferico rispetto ai 4 milioni realizzati in Italia dalla capogruppo La Leonardo, e la contestuale soppressione della società, trasferita in Lussemburgo.&lt;br /&gt;Gli ispettori argomentano che, attraverso una serie di operazioni transnazionali, la famiglia sarebbe riuscita a rivalutare all'estero, in esenzione d'imposta, le partecipazioni in Sanson e Luxottica. E che la Leofin sia stata costituita in Germania con l'unico intento di beneficiare dei vantaggi fiscali. L'utile straodinario realizzato dalla società tedesca, nel frattempo confluita nella lussemburghese Leoinvest, viene considerato "italiano" a tutti gli effetti, con 500 milioni di imposte arretrate, più sanzioni e interessi, per un totale che potrebbe superare il miliardo.&lt;br /&gt;Quanto sarà, in realtà, il conto finale, dipende però dai risultati definitivi della transazione con il Fisco e da quanto le argomentazioni della Delfin saranno riuscite a scalfire le certezze dell'Agenzia. Nel caso della Bell di Emilio Gnutti, ad esempio, a fronte dei 653 milioni di imposte arretrati e del miliardo di sanzioni, il Fisco dovette accontentarsi di circa 231 milioni, visto che la finanziaria lussemburghese si avvalse dei benefici previsti dal cosiddetto accertamento con adesione.&lt;br /&gt;Qualunque sia il saldo, tuttavia, è possibile che un cruccio a Del Vecchio rimanga: se avesse aspettato tre anni a effettuare la riorganizzazione, avrebbe potuto sfruttare una delle novità introdotte nel 2003 dal ministro dell'Economia, Giulio Tremonti, la "Partecipation exemption". La Pex, come la chiamano, permette proprio di dedurre dal reddito imponibile quelle plusvalenze che, invece, a Del Vecchio oggi rischiano di costare molto care.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-7018996343470937104?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/7018996343470937104/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=7018996343470937104' title='2 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7018996343470937104'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7018996343470937104'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/09/aspettando-luxottica-case.html' title='Aspettando The Luxottica case'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-6531550720615799495</id><published>2009-09-06T17:56:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2009-09-06T18:01:31.161+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Il Blog di Wu Yao</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/SqPb96TLJTI/AAAAAAAACfM/bOTTA82XSEE/s1600-h/wuyaoweb.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 222px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/SqPb96TLJTI/AAAAAAAACfM/bOTTA82XSEE/s320/wuyaoweb.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5378384236678686002" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wu Yao è un mio caro amico e uno studente cinese che vive a Bologna ormai da parecchi mesi. Sta facendo il dottorato di ricerca in diritto tributario europeo, ed è venuto in Italia con una borsa di studio del suo Governo: si tratterrà da noi per altri tre anni. Con lui ho lavorato in passato e sto lavorando anche adesso dal momento che è una di quelle poche persone che io conosco che conosce davvero bene l'italiano, il cinese e ... il diritto tributario.&lt;br /&gt;Insomma, qualche giorno fa mi ha scritto una mail annunciandomi di aver attivato il suo primo blog e inviandomi ovviamente il &lt;a href="http://taxlaw1981.fyfz.cn/"&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; per poterlo visitare.&lt;br /&gt;Mi sembra molto interessante, e quindi lo giro anche a voi.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-6531550720615799495?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/6531550720615799495/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=6531550720615799495' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/6531550720615799495'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/6531550720615799495'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/09/il-blog-di-wu-yao.html' title='Il Blog di Wu Yao'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/SqPb96TLJTI/AAAAAAAACfM/bOTTA82XSEE/s72-c/wuyaoweb.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-6614258814892828204</id><published>2009-09-04T11:58:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2009-09-04T12:00:58.595+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Nessuno tutora ?</title><content type='html'>Settimane fa ho lanciato su questo blog un appello agli studenti UNIFE. L'Ateneo ha bisogno di tutors Erasmus ... paga per il disturbo.&lt;br /&gt;Ben tre posti erano / sono disponibili, mi dice Rossella Maranini, manager didattico.&lt;br /&gt;... ebbene a oggi nessuno ha ancora fatto domanda. Come è possibile ? Dove abbiamo sbagliato ?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-6614258814892828204?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/6614258814892828204/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=6614258814892828204' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/6614258814892828204'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/6614258814892828204'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/09/nessuno-tutora.html' title='Nessuno tutora ?'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-7312075227118482241</id><published>2009-08-27T07:50:00.004+02:00</published><updated>2009-08-27T08:08:41.258+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Una novità editoriale (più o meno) ...</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/SpYf4rdC_NI/AAAAAAAACfE/arIci0s3-jo/s1600-h/data.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 219px; height: 320px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/SpYf4rdC_NI/AAAAAAAACfE/arIci0s3-jo/s320/data.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5374518263910956242" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Il “caso Karnak” affronta la complessa tematica dei rapporti fiscali fra Italia e Repubblica di San Marino nella prospettiva di un caso concreto deciso dalla Commissione tributaria provinciale di Rimini e pendente, all’atto di pubblicazione della presente opera, presso la Commissione tributaria regionale dell’Emilia Romagna. Si tratta della prima opera nella quale questioni di fiscalità internazionale, come la residenza delle società, la stabile organizzazione, il rapporto fra principi OCSE e diritto tributario italiano, sono affrontati con taglio rigorosamente scientifico ma avendo riguardo a questioni attuali e dibattute.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Domande frequenti&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt; Gentile curatore, io in genere i libri li fotocopio, ma nell'improbabile caso in cui io questo lo voglia comprare come faccio ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Hmm, bella domanda. Non ne ho idea. No, davvero, è possibile comprarlo online, ma la casa editrice ha implementato un sitoweb per l'ecommerce su piattaforma filemaker così poco intuitivo che farebbe bestemmiare anche il Sai Baba.&lt;br /&gt;Di per certo la cosa migliore è partire dal sito web della casa editrice, &lt;a href="http://www.catalogoaracneeditrice.eu/fmi/iwp/cgi?-db=AracneWeb&amp;-loadframes"&gt;questo&lt;/a&gt;, poi cercare l'opera sul loro catalogo usando come parola chiave "karnak" e poi cliccare su "acquista".&lt;br /&gt;Purtroppo non c'è un indirizzo web statico per questo libro. Se proprio non ce la fate, contattatemi via web.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;- E' indirizzato agli studenti ? E' raccomandato nei corsi di Ferrara ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No, per gli dèi. Come &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;policy&lt;/span&gt; personale non indico mai miei libri nei corsi estensi. Lo studio di questo libro non aiuta in alcun modo il superamento dell'esame di diritto tributario.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;- E se qualcuno lo vuole leggere ma non comprare ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Ho ricevuto molte richieste in questo senso, segno tangibile della crisi che attanaglia il nostro Paese. L'Università di Ferrara, facoltà di giurisprudenza, ne possiede una copia (donata da me) che può essere liberamente consultata. Poi, ho fatto dono di diverse copie ad alcuni enti pubblici.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;- A chi è suggerito ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Io non lo suggerisco a nessuno. C'è e basta.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;- Se è così, perchè l'ha fatto, per soldi ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- No per amore. Davvero. I diritti d'autore spettanti a noi 4 autori sono di circa il 10% del prezzo di copertina dalla duecentesima copia venduta (poco più di 20 centesimi al lordo delle imposte), se non ricordo male. Per ave senso dal punto di vista commerciale, dovrei stamparne più del catalogo IKEA. O di Harry Potter.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-7312075227118482241?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/7312075227118482241/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=7312075227118482241' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7312075227118482241'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7312075227118482241'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/08/una-novita-editoriale-piu-o-meno.html' title='Una novità editoriale (più o meno) ...'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/SpYf4rdC_NI/AAAAAAAACfE/arIci0s3-jo/s72-c/data.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-4564736553376659649</id><published>2009-08-26T11:15:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2009-08-26T14:47:02.040+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Anteprima anno accademico 2009 - 2010</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="320" height="266" class="BLOG_video_class" id="BLOG_video-61dd1081fbc0b027" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/get_player"&gt;&lt;param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF"&gt;&lt;param name="allowfullscreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="flashvars" value="flvurl=http://v9.nonxt7.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?id%3D61dd1081fbc0b027%26itag%3D5%26app%3Dblogger%26ip%3D0.0.0.0%26ipbits%3D0%26expire%3D1329991359%26sparams%3Did,itag,ip,ipbits,expire%26signature%3D69BA10099A6627D7D42798A716BF076C4060AA2B.1925E82D53342EBE6CE22E6ABBB21BE3E6C90188%26key%3Dck1&amp;amp;iurl=http://video.google.com/ThumbnailServer2?app%3Dblogger%26contentid%3D61dd1081fbc0b027%26offsetms%3D5000%26itag%3Dw160%26sigh%3DBLkgeK0KYxRIo7AgYp5oqYylmTg&amp;amp;autoplay=0&amp;amp;ps=blogger"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/get_player" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"width="320" height="266" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"flashvars="flvurl=http://v9.nonxt7.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?id%3D61dd1081fbc0b027%26itag%3D5%26app%3Dblogger%26ip%3D0.0.0.0%26ipbits%3D0%26expire%3D1329991359%26sparams%3Did,itag,ip,ipbits,expire%26signature%3D69BA10099A6627D7D42798A716BF076C4060AA2B.1925E82D53342EBE6CE22E6ABBB21BE3E6C90188%26key%3Dck1&amp;iurl=http://video.google.com/ThumbnailServer2?app%3Dblogger%26contentid%3D61dd1081fbc0b027%26offsetms%3D5000%26itag%3Dw160%26sigh%3DBLkgeK0KYxRIo7AgYp5oqYylmTg&amp;autoplay=0&amp;ps=blogger"allowFullScreen="true" /&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-4564736553376659649?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/4564736553376659649/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=4564736553376659649' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/4564736553376659649'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/4564736553376659649'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/08/anteprima-anno-accademico-2009-2010.html' title='Anteprima anno accademico 2009 - 2010'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-7280109075660959728</id><published>2009-08-20T21:12:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2009-08-20T21:30:16.673+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Erasmus Placement</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Ricevo dalla sede centrale UNIFE e giro in comunicazione ...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Con la presente si comunica la pubblicazione del Bando di selezione LLP/Erasmus placement per l'assegnazione di 11 contributi di tirocinio.&lt;br /&gt;Tali periodi di tirocinio, della durata di 3 mesi ciascuno, potranno essere svolti, durante l'a.a. 2009/10, presso aziende pubbliche o private di uno dei paesi che hanno aderito al Progetto Erasmus (elenco dei paesi: http://www.programmallp.it/index.php?id_cnt=311).&lt;br /&gt;La scadenza per la presentazione della propria candidatura è fissata per le ore 12.00 di martedì 29 settembre 2009.&lt;br /&gt;Il bando e il relativo modulo di candidatura sono reperibili presso l'Ufficio Mobilità internazionale e Studenti stranieri oppure sulla seguente pagina web: http://www.unife.it/areainternazionale/mobilita-internazionale/erasmus/tirocini-erasmus&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-7280109075660959728?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/7280109075660959728/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=7280109075660959728' title='2 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7280109075660959728'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7280109075660959728'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/08/erasmus-placement.html' title='Erasmus Placement'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-4360273563900077108</id><published>2009-07-09T20:59:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2009-07-09T21:02:03.164+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Nasce studi tributari europei: la rivista di diritto tributario europeo della Scuola Europea di Alti Studi Tributari</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Ricevo dal Prof. Di Pietro, e volentierissimamente pubblico, il seguente comunicato stampa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Consiglio a tutti di registrarsi alla mailing list della rivista (è gratis!) io l'ho già fatto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nasce Studi Tributari Europei, la prima rivista on line dell’Università di Bologna specificamente dedicata alla fiscalità europea&lt;br /&gt;È nata nell’Università di Bologna Studi Tributari Europei, la prima rivista informatica di fiscalità europea (http://ste.seast.org).&lt;br /&gt;Fino ad oggi mancava in Europa una rivista informatica che fosse dedicata esclusivamente al diritto tributario europeo. Un intento ambizioso, che nessuna delle riviste cartacee edite aveva voluto o potuto affrontare.&lt;br /&gt;La rivista Studi Tributari Europei riesce invece a combinare studi comparati ed esperienze comunitarie, concentrandosi in ogni numero su un aspetto specifico della fiscalità europea, secondo una programmazione editoriale che mira a coniugare la riflessione scientifica con l’attualità del diritto.&lt;br /&gt;Già con il suo primo numero, Studi Tributari Europei dimostra la propria attualità: apre infatti un confronto, di diritto comparato e comunitario, sull’exit tax, cioè sulla tassazione nazionale di persone e società a seguito del loro cambio di residenza. Proprio nello stesso momento la Commissione europea ha iniziato la procedura d’infrazione nei confronti di ben quindici Stati membri, ritenendo le loro discipline di exit tax incompatibili con il diritto comunitario. &lt;br /&gt;Nei numeri seguenti, che appariranno a cadenza semestrale, la rivista si occuperà dei principi comuni nella tassazione delle società in Europa; del rapporto tra diritto comunitario e diritto internazionale; della residenza fiscale nel diritto internazionale ed in quello comunitario. Tutte tematiche che sono centrali nell’evoluzione sia del diritto tributario europeo sia della politica fiscale comunitaria.&lt;br /&gt;La nuova rivista è curata dalla Scuola Europea di Alti Studi Tributari dell’Università di Bologna, (www.seast.org) beneficiando dell’esperienza decennale del Corso di Dottorato di ricerca in Diritto tributario europeo e dei risultati scientifici in esso ottenuti. Con questa rivista on line, la Scuola vuole così contribuire ulteriormente alla formazione di un vero e proprio Diritto tributario europeo. Il metodo è quello sperimentato da anni proprio nelle attività del Dottorato: quello di integrare le esperienze tributarie nazionali con l’interpretazione e l’applicazione del diritto comunitario.&lt;br /&gt;Certamente una nuova frontiera per la ricerca nel Diritto tributario, ma anche un supporto indispensabile per l’attività istituzionale della Commissione europea e della Corte di Giustizia CE, come dimostra il contributo originale che il Commissario europeo alla fiscalità Lázsló Kovács ha voluto dare al primo numero che è attualmente on line.&lt;br /&gt;Studi Tributari Europei si presenta come una rivista aperta ai contributi ed alle esperienze di tutt’Europa, senza i limiti di spazio che impegnano le riviste cartacee. È una rivista libera che, nel suo contributo alla creazione di un Diritto tributario europeo, vuole riaffermare con impegno e consapevolezza l’ammonimento che l’Alma Mater perpetua con la sua storia: che  scienza è libertà.&lt;br /&gt;Una rivista che sfrutta ai fini scientifici la sua elevata informatizzazione, offrendo percorsi ipertestuali e di ricerca sicuramente innovativi.&lt;br /&gt;Una rivista che vuole ottenere la massima diffusione, grazie anche all’accesso gratuito, previa registrazione.&lt;br /&gt;Una rivista che vuole offrire anche la massima attualità, pubblicando continuamente gli aggiornamenti comparati e comunitari anche in riferimento a numeri che siano già in  archivio.&lt;br /&gt;Per l’esito di questa rivista la Scuola Europea di Alti Studi Tributari ha saputo creare una direzione collegiale europea. Ha mobilitato studiosi europei, spagnoli, francesi, olandesi, con il compito non solo di programmare i vari numeri ma anche di selezionare effettivamente i contributi scientifici da pubblicare.&lt;br /&gt;La Scuola ha creato un collegamento stabile, attraverso un comitato editoriale, con le altre riviste che hanno maturato esperienza nella fiscalità europea. Ha raccolto attorno all’originale progetto una redazione di giovani ed appassionati collaboratori europei.&lt;br /&gt;La rivista raggiunge gli studiosi, le biblioteche, le istituzioni di ogni parte del mondo, grazie a tre edizioni linguistiche. Oltre a quella italiana, on line si possono consultare l’edizione inglese e quella spagnola. A queste si aggiungerà nel prossimo anno anche quella cinese.&lt;br /&gt;Non resta che digitare l’URL http://ste.seast.org, che nel primo mese di apparizione della rivista è già conosciuto in tutto il mondo, come dimostra l’iscrizione di studiosi, funzionari delle amministrazioni finanziarie e della Commissione europea, professionisti del diritto e dell’economia, giudici tributari, biblioteche, istituzioni pubbliche e private, nazionali e comunitarie.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-4360273563900077108?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/4360273563900077108/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=4360273563900077108' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/4360273563900077108'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/4360273563900077108'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/07/nasce-studi-tributari-europei-la.html' title='Nasce studi tributari europei: la rivista di diritto tributario europeo della Scuola Europea di Alti Studi Tributari'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-6019571607698762545</id><published>2009-07-03T21:51:00.004+02:00</published><updated>2009-07-03T21:54:26.814+02:00</updated><title type='text'>E' nata la rivista di studi tributari europei</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/Sk5h7VN3BII/AAAAAAAACeA/nBE41cfeRJA/s1600-h/ste.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 157px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/Sk5h7VN3BII/AAAAAAAACeA/nBE41cfeRJA/s400/ste.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5354324678925550722" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Si tratta di una rivista tutta dedicata alla nostra materia, il diritto tributario ! &lt;br /&gt;Del tutto gratuita, è reperibile online ed è curata dalla Scuola europea di alti studi tributari. E' unica nel suo genere perchè ogni articolo è pubblicato nativamente in tre lingue (le traduzioni in inglese e spagnolo sono curate dalla redazione).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://ste.seast.org/home/home.aspx"&gt;Questo&lt;/a&gt; è il suo sito. Registratevi tutti !!!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-6019571607698762545?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/6019571607698762545/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=6019571607698762545' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/6019571607698762545'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/6019571607698762545'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/07/e-nata-la-rivista-dis-tudi-tributari.html' title='E&apos; nata la rivista di studi tributari europei'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/Sk5h7VN3BII/AAAAAAAACeA/nBE41cfeRJA/s72-c/ste.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-5259458515323656111</id><published>2009-07-01T21:03:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2009-07-02T10:16:37.140+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Spostamento esami di luglio !!!</title><content type='html'>... ma solo a Ferrara.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gentili studenti, il Prof. Di Pietro mi ha comunicato che non potrà essere presente a esami il 06 luglio 2009. &lt;br /&gt;A questo fine ha spostato la data al 09 luglio 2009, stesso orario.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Voi TUTTI (magistrale, specialistica, ...) però, SE VOLETE, potete UGUALMENTE sostenere l'esame il 06 luglio 2009, ma l'esame sarà SOLO in forma SCRITTA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Chi ha accordi speciali con il professore per programmi ridotti deve presentarsi il 09 luglio 2009.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-5259458515323656111?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/5259458515323656111/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=5259458515323656111' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/5259458515323656111'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/5259458515323656111'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/07/spostamento-esami-di-luglio.html' title='Spostamento esami di luglio !!!'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-4565535193399669938</id><published>2009-06-26T13:13:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2009-06-26T13:15:05.453+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Introducing the concept of Al Zakhat - Purification through the payment of taxes</title><content type='html'>Al Zakhat, one of the pillars of Islam. How taxation law also involves religious beliefs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="560" height="340"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/09FMH2KIYOE&amp;hl=it&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/09FMH2KIYOE&amp;hl=it&amp;fs=1&amp;rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="560" height="340"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-4565535193399669938?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/4565535193399669938/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=4565535193399669938' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/4565535193399669938'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/4565535193399669938'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/06/introducing-concept-of-al-zakhat.html' title='Introducing the concept of Al Zakhat - Purification through the payment of taxes'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-7956629617035933225</id><published>2009-06-18T14:20:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2009-06-18T14:21:25.553+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Ph. D opportunities in Ferrara for foreign students</title><content type='html'>I would be grateful if you can inform potential candidates of the opportunities offered by University of Ferrara to international PhD students who will start their doctorate in 2010.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You will find a leaflet containing our preliminary announcement at the following link:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.unife.it/comunicazione/news/notizie/international_students_2010_04_06_09.pdf&lt;br /&gt;"&gt;http://www.unife.it/comunicazione/news/notizie/international_students_2010_04_06_09.pdf&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Any form of diffusion is welcome and I would be extremely grateful if you can place the leaflet on your web site.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I remain at your disposal for any additional information.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sincerely, with best regards&lt;br /&gt;prof. giovanni fiorentini&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IUSS-ferrara 1391, director&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-7956629617035933225?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/7956629617035933225/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=7956629617035933225' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7956629617035933225'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7956629617035933225'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/06/ph-d-opportunities-in-ferrara-for.html' title='Ph. D opportunities in Ferrara for foreign students'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-7502315194576046147</id><published>2009-06-18T11:37:00.003+02:00</published><updated>2009-06-18T11:39:51.505+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Tutors erasmus cercasi !!!</title><content type='html'>... e paghiamo(*) pure !!!!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ricevo dalla collega e amica Silvia Schiavo, e giro subito alla vostra attezone la seguente mail.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gentilissimi,&lt;br /&gt;vi informo che è stato pubblicato il bando del tutorato Erasmus&lt;br /&gt;2009/2010 alla seguente pagina:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;http://www.unife.it/orientamento/Tutorato/tutorato-erasmus&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;La scadenza prevista per la consegna delle domande è il 4 settembre&lt;br /&gt;2009.&lt;br /&gt;Chiedo gentilmente di darne massima diffusione tra gli studenti.&lt;br /&gt;Vi ringrazio anticipatamente per la vostra preziosa collaborazione.&lt;br /&gt;Cordiali saluti,&lt;br /&gt;E&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;lena Gambarini&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(*) = poco, però.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-7502315194576046147?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/7502315194576046147/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=7502315194576046147' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7502315194576046147'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7502315194576046147'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/06/tutors-erasmus-cercasi.html' title='Tutors erasmus cercasi !!!'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-2684623928655676747</id><published>2009-06-12T22:54:00.003+02:00</published><updated>2009-06-12T22:55:36.396+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Lo stato debitore e il contribuente creditore</title><content type='html'>Oggi ho finito di caricare su youtube, frammento per frammento, tutta la lezione del Dot. Belluzzi.&lt;br /&gt;La potete trovare puntando la ricerca in youtube su "Cesare Belluzzi". I frammenti sono numerati progressivamente da 1 a 16 e sono racchiusi anche in una playlist per facilitarne la fruizione.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-2684623928655676747?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/2684623928655676747/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=2684623928655676747' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/2684623928655676747'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/2684623928655676747'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/06/lo-stato-debitore-e-il-contribuente.html' title='Lo stato debitore e il contribuente creditore'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-6754683960352366013</id><published>2009-06-06T20:32:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2009-06-06T20:35:01.469+02:00</updated><title type='text'>L'erario debitore e il contribuente creditore</title><content type='html'>Comincia con grande ritardo la pubblicazione (a puntate, questa volta!) dell'ultimo seminario tenuto dal Dott. Cesare Belluzzi a Bologna. La chiusura del servizio Googlevideo mi ha imposta di spostare i video su youtube, ma il limite dei 10 minuti è per me quantomento pernicioso, perché mi obbliga a segmentare il file il diverse clip. Nulla di drammatico: solo ci vuole tempo, e quello un poco scarseggia ...&lt;br /&gt;Apprezzerete almeno il "sedicinoni" usato professionalmente per la prima volta e gli sforzi di portare i video in HQ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="560" height="340"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/qq1M9mYyBz4&amp;hl=it&amp;fs=1&amp;"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/qq1M9mYyBz4&amp;hl=it&amp;fs=1&amp;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="560" height="340"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-6754683960352366013?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/6754683960352366013/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=6754683960352366013' title='1 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/6754683960352366013'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/6754683960352366013'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/06/lerario-debitore-e-il-contribuente.html' title='L&apos;erario debitore e il contribuente creditore'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-5524038645714783526</id><published>2009-05-31T11:49:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2009-05-31T11:52:27.296+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Stage al Ministero ?</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;I miei capelli sono già abbastanza radi (e bianchi !) per permettermi di leggere queste iniziative con entusiasmo, ma forse per altri la situazione è diversa.&lt;br /&gt;Insomma, eco qui una notizia ripresa dal sito web di repubblica.it&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://miojob.repubblica.it/notizie-e-servizi/notizie/dettaglio/giovani-al-ministero-finanze-tirocini-in-analisi-e-pianificazione/3669644"&gt;Giovani al ministero Finanze tirocini in analisi e pianificazione &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sono 62 gli stage organizzati dalla Fondazione della Conferenza dei rettori delle università italiane. Per neolaureati e laureandi. Percorsi nelle aree del personale, comunicazione, pianificazione e controllo, analisi e miglioramento processi e sistemi amministrativi. Domande entro il 16 giugno. Durata quattro mesi. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sono 62 i laureandi e laureati che potranno partecipare al programma di formazione lavoro avviato dalla Fondazione Crui insieme al ministero dell’Economia e delle Finanze. I posti disponibili sono presso le sedi di tutta Italia. Dal Nord al Sud.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Il periodo di stage prenderà il via il 21 settembre del 2009 e terminerà, salvo eventuali proroghe, il 21 gennaio 2010. Sono 9 i posti per i tirocini che si svolgeranno al Nord Italia, 21 al Centro e 32 al Mezzogiorno. Le persone verranno inserite in un progetto di formazione che li porterà a comprendere il funzionamento delle aree del trattamento giuridico ed economico del personale, della comunicazione, della pianificazione e controllo e dell'analisi e miglioramento processi e sistemi amministrativi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Possono partecipare all’iniziativa sia laureandi sia laureati del vecchio come del nuovo ordinamento che conoscano una seconda lingua.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I laureandi del vecchio ordinamento dovranno avere conseguito il 70% degli esami mentre quelli del nuovo ordinamento dovranno avere ottenuto 120 crediti su 180 (per gli iscritti alla laurea di I livello) e 60 crediti su 120 (per gli iscritti alla laurea specialistica e di laurea magistrale). L’età massima sarà di 25 anni per i laureanti di primo livello e di 28 anni per quelli di laurea specialistica e del vecchio ordinamento.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Per quanto riguarda i laureati, dovranno aver conseguito il titolo di laurea da non più di 18 mesi con una votazione minimo di 100 su 110 e non avere superato i 25 anni (per i laureati di primo livello) e i 28 anni (tutti gli altri). Le domande devono essere presentate entro il 16 giugno.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I CONTATTI:&lt;br /&gt;Fondazione CRUI &lt;br /&gt;Ufficio Progetti e Tirocini&lt;br /&gt;Programma di Tirocinio MEF IV Dip. - Università Italiane”&lt;br /&gt;Referente: Maddalena Leone&lt;br /&gt;tirocini.mefIVdip@fondazionecrui.it&lt;br /&gt;Fax +39-06.68.441.399&lt;br /&gt;Piazza Rondanini, 48 - 00186 ROMA &lt;br /&gt;Ministero dell’Economia e delle Finanze &lt;br /&gt;Dipartimento dell’Amministrazione Generale e del Personale e dei Servizi del Tesoro&lt;br /&gt;Programma di Tirocinio MEF IV Dip- Università Italiane&lt;br /&gt;Dirigente Ufficio Formazione: &lt;br /&gt;Dott. A.Laganà&lt;br /&gt;Referenti: Marina Cuneo, Elisabetta Doro, Caterina Procopio&lt;br /&gt;email: marina.cuneo@tesoro.it - elisabetta.doro@tesoro.it - caterina.procopio@tesoro.it&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-5524038645714783526?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/5524038645714783526/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=5524038645714783526' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/5524038645714783526'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/5524038645714783526'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/05/stage-al-ministero.html' title='Stage al Ministero ?'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-5971328845760056682</id><published>2009-05-19T05:17:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2009-05-19T05:18:35.039+02:00</updated><title type='text'>I migliori Monty</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/0AORIsB8DIw&amp;hl=it&amp;fs=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/0AORIsB8DIw&amp;hl=it&amp;fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ringrazio Paolo Stizza per il link.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-5971328845760056682?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/5971328845760056682/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=5971328845760056682' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/5971328845760056682'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/5971328845760056682'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/05/i-migliori-monty.html' title='I migliori Monty'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-6496376577208390807</id><published>2009-05-15T08:30:00.003+02:00</published><updated>2009-05-15T08:40:20.323+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Presto di ritorno</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.ballardian.com/images/monash_menzies1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 457px;" src="http://www.ballardian.com/images/monash_menzies1.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gentili studenti, il mio soggiorno come visiting Professor alla Monash University sta per finire, immagino, con vostra estrema soddisfazione (oppure nel vostro disinteresse).&lt;br /&gt;In questi giorni ho ricevuto decine di mail (davvero !) soprattutto da chi e' in tesi o da chi si accinge a sostenere l'esame con me.&lt;br /&gt;Ho risposto alle urgentissime, anche perche' qui devo tenere dietro a una serie di scadenze che sono strette.&lt;br /&gt;Domenica pomeriggio arrivo in Italia, domenica sera comincio il "trattamento" di tutte le mail (tutte !) quelle che mi sono arrivate, rispondendo a una a una.&lt;br /&gt;Per domenica notte dovrei aver finito, con la sola esclusione delle mail che contengono pezzi di tesi superiori alle 5 pagine, per i quali avro' bisogno di un giorno ancora.&lt;br /&gt;Morale, per luendi' mattina al massimo tutti dovrebbero avere una risposta.&lt;br /&gt;Se non vi arriva nulla, siete autorizzatio a riscdrivermi ancofra la mail. C'e' caso che l'abbia accidentalmente associata a un ticket chiuso.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-6496376577208390807?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/6496376577208390807/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=6496376577208390807' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/6496376577208390807'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/6496376577208390807'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/05/presto-di-ritorno.html' title='Presto di ritorno'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-62739450074170235</id><published>2009-04-21T13:28:00.003+02:00</published><updated>2009-04-24T11:07:47.758+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Necessità finanziarie e divieto d'usura</title><content type='html'>Finalmente online il primo seminario di diritto tributario tenuto dal Dott. Cesare Belluzzi nell'ambito del Corso di Diritto tributario.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;embed id="VideoPlayback" src="http://video.google.it/googleplayer.swf?docid=-5748838438356960177&amp;hl=it&amp;fs=true" style="width:400px;height:326px" allowFullScreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"&gt; &lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Questa è la bibliografia che il Professore chi ha inviato e che è utile per chi voglia approfondire le tematiche dell'incontro&lt;br /&gt;Indicazioni bibliografiche concernenti le lezioni seminariali del 15 e 29 aprile.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;A. Bulgarelli-Lukacs, L’imposta diretta nel regno di Napoli, Milano 1993.&lt;br /&gt;F. Caracciolo, Sud, debiti e gabelle. Gravami, potere e società nel Mezzogiorno in età moderna, Napoli 1983.&lt;br /&gt;C. Montanari, voce «Rendita perpetua» (Dir. intermedio), Enciclopedia del Diritto, vol. XXXIX, Milano 1988.&lt;br /&gt;B. Nelson, The Idea of Usury. From Tribal Brotherhood to Universal Otherhood, Priceton 1949, trad. it., Usura e cristianesimo. Per una storia della genesi dell’etica moderna, Firenze, 1967&lt;br /&gt;L. Poliakov, Les banquiers juifs et le Saint-Siège du XIII au XVII siècle, Paris 1967, trad.it, I Banchieri ebrei e la Santa Sede dal XIII al XVII, Roma 1974.&lt;br /&gt;F. roggero, Universitates, censi e imposte dirette nel Regno di Napoli (sec.XVII). Con la ristampa anastatica del Trattato De Collecta, seu Bonatenentia, di N. A. Marotta, Roma 2008&lt;br /&gt;R. Trifone, voce «Censi», in Novissimo Digesto Italiano, vol. III, Torino, 1974.&lt;br /&gt;- - - - -&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-62739450074170235?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/62739450074170235/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=62739450074170235' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/62739450074170235'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/62739450074170235'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/04/necessita-finanziarie-e-divieto-dusura.html' title='Necessità finanziarie e divieto d&apos;usura'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-5005468719919927877</id><published>2009-04-20T19:25:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2009-04-20T19:26:15.488+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Spostamento lezione di diritto tributario</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;La lezione di diritto tributario del 21 aprile 2009 non si terrà.&lt;br /&gt;Sarà posticipata al 27 aprile, ore 14.30&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Marco Greggi&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-5005468719919927877?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/5005468719919927877/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=5005468719919927877' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/5005468719919927877'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/5005468719919927877'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/04/spostamento-lezione-di-diritto.html' title='Spostamento lezione di diritto tributario'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-1564905840846537228</id><published>2009-04-15T22:20:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2009-04-15T22:20:27.642+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Bridging a sea ...</title><content type='html'>&lt;embed id="VideoPlayback" src="http://video.google.it/googleplayer.swf?docid=6238062168272094961&amp;hl=it&amp;fs=true" style="width:400px;height:326px" allowFullScreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"&gt; &lt;/embed&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-1564905840846537228?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/1564905840846537228/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=1564905840846537228' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/1564905840846537228'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/1564905840846537228'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/04/bridging-sea.html' title='Bridging a sea ...'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-7772044586407864682</id><published>2009-04-14T17:59:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2009-04-14T17:59:41.992+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Mediterranean research Meeting 2009</title><content type='html'>&lt;embed id="VideoPlayback" src="http://video.google.it/googleplayer.swf?docid=7376630931275798230&amp;hl=it&amp;fs=true" style="width:400px;height:326px" allowFullScreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"&gt; &lt;/embed&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-7772044586407864682?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/7772044586407864682/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=7772044586407864682' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7772044586407864682'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/7772044586407864682'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/04/mediterranean-research-meeting-2009.html' title='Mediterranean research Meeting 2009'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-2007027474657103394</id><published>2009-04-14T14:13:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2009-04-14T14:15:21.607+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Domani il primo seminario !</title><content type='html'>Ricordo a tutti gli studenti interessati che domani in ferrara è in programma il primo seminario di diritto tributario e di diritto tributario internazionale, con la partecipazione del Dott. Cesare Belluzzi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Il seminario si terrà dalle 11.00 alle ore 13.0 presso lo studio del Prof. Greggi, al terzo piano della facoltà di giurisprudenza.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-2007027474657103394?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/2007027474657103394/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=2007027474657103394' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/2007027474657103394'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/2007027474657103394'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/04/domani-il-primo-seminario.html' title='Domani il primo seminario !'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-3196327739656968423</id><published>2009-04-08T10:03:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2009-04-08T10:08:06.604+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Partecipazione degli studenti ai seminari di diritto tributario</title><content type='html'>Fino ad oggi ho ricevuto una decina circa di registrazioni ai seminari di diritto tributario  che saranno tenuti dal dott. Belluzzi in ferrara il 15 e il 29 aprile.&lt;br /&gt;Con alcuni studenti, quelli del Prof. Di Pietro che hanno già sostenuto diritto tributario ai servizi giuridici con me, è in programma la possibilità di scrivere un paper sul seminario stesso, ai fini dell'esame.&lt;br /&gt;Mi è stato chiesto se la partecipazione deve essere a &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;entrambi i seminari&lt;/span&gt; o a &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;uno soltanto&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Uno soltanto è sufficiente, come da accordi, ma non voglio che tutti gli studenti partecipino a uno soo dei due presentando poi il loro elaborato solo su quello.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Non voglio leggere e correggere 6 - 10 papers tutti sullo stesso argomento.&lt;br /&gt;Raccomando quindi a tutti di venire al primo incontro, confrontarsi con gli altri studenti, vedere chi c'è, e poi coordinarsi su chi riassume cosa.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-3196327739656968423?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/3196327739656968423/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=3196327739656968423' title='2 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/3196327739656968423'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/3196327739656968423'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/04/partecipazione-degli-studenti-ai.html' title='Partecipazione degli studenti ai seminari di diritto tributario'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-5050472559866011559</id><published>2009-04-05T16:00:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2009-04-05T16:03:46.339+02:00</updated><title type='text'>The Mediterranean and its metaphors</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Così il Prof. Olivier Roy ha aperto i Mediterranean research meetings del 2009 all'Istituto europeo di Firenze&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            When the period of direct colonialism ended some fifty years ago, with the fiasco of the Suez expedition and with the independence of Cyprus and the Maghreb countries, the Mediterranean lost its importance for Europe to become a secondary front in the Cold war: the Israelo-Arab conflict was then seen both as a regional conflict and as part of a global confrontation between the West and the Soviet empire, but not as a real concern for Europe. European countries concentrated into building a mostly inward looking European Union, while importing a largely Muslim labour force which was not supposed to stay.&lt;br /&gt;            But after the fall of the Soviet Union, the Mediterranean made a come-back as a strategic issue for the European Union. The Madrid conference and the Oslo agreements brought the EU as a benevolent although largely impotent actor in the peace-process. The Barcelona process inaugurated a search for a global cooperation between the EU and the other Mediterranean neighbours, which, former Yugoslavia and Israel apart, happened to be all Muslim and/ or Arab countries. The polemic on the Turkish candidacy for EU membership was exacerbated by the debate on the religious roots of the European culture, as illustrated by the controversy surrounding the preamble of the European constitution. The sudden recognition that the labour immigration of the sixties and seventies had led to a permanent settlement of a Muslim population in Europe contributed to kick off a debate on integration, on the compatibility of Islam and European values and on the strategic long-term impact of demographic shifts. These tensions were exacerbated by the terrorist attack of 9/11 which triggered an on-going debate on the clash/ dialogue of civilizations.&lt;br /&gt;            What is the underlying rational of the European interest for the other side of the Mediterranean? Essentially a defensive and reactive one. The “other side”, despite all the official rhetoric, is seen more as a liability than as an asset, and, more precisely, as a reservoir of negative fluxes: illegal immigration, terrorism, virtual spill-over of the Middle Eastern conflicts leading to an intensification of sectarian and ethnic communal identities among large segments of the European population, among them second generation Muslims and a part of the Jewish population.  &lt;br /&gt;I.&lt;br /&gt;      The Mediterranean is now at the center of the debate on European identity. How does the political sphere express this debate?&lt;br /&gt;      Two attitudes are possible: a confrontational or an integrative approach.&lt;br /&gt;      The confrontational approach is rejected by all European governments, but more for pragmatic reasons than because of conviction (many conservative Catholics as well as many staunch secularists do consider that Islam is not compatible as such with European values, even if they sharply disagree between themselves on the definition of these values). The integrative approach became, by conviction or pragmatism, the official policy: there should be a process of dialogue, cooperation and agreements, eventually culminating in the building of institutions to fix the framework of cooperation with the Mediterranean neighbours of Europe, while European governments should adopt a more assertive policy for integrating their Muslim population, to avoid urban riots and Islamic radicalization.&lt;br /&gt;      But as we shall see the two approaches share the same premise: that the Mediterranean is divided between two different cultures both based on a specific religion (Christianity and Islam), a specific historical narrative and a specific territory, which extends or shrinks at the detriment of the other. Religion, History and Geography are the nemesis of the Mediterranean dialogue.&lt;br /&gt;            In these conditions, the issue is how to promote a positive approach of integration, while sharing in the meantime most of the premises of the confrontation theory? As often rhetoric is called to hide contradictions, unsaid prejudices and inconsistencies. But the problem is that the use of metaphors and rhetorical figures of speech does not seem to be any more consistent, while fostering the very prejudices they were supposed to dismiss.  &lt;br /&gt;            Official speeches, academic conferences, newspaper articles carry a flood of expressions and metaphors, dotted with historical references recast as universal paradigms. How to make the Mediterranean something more than a large surface of water? Cradle, bridge, rift: metaphors start to flourish, and rhetoric replaces or hides analysis. History provides also metaphoric paradigms which are cut from their real environment, as for instance Al-Andalus.&lt;br /&gt;            The Mediterranean is called a cradle of civilizations, and more precisely of the monotheist Abrahamic religion. The cradle can thus turn into a bridge that crosses the water (well maybe crossing is here an unsaid statement of value, but “mooning”  or “starring” will not help). But the Mediterranean lake may turn also into a rift; opposing two different worlds. We should thus bridge the rift to avoid confrontation. But the metaphor of the peaceful bridge can take a military turn: bridges are connections, bridgeheads are threats (immigration, Turkey in Europe, Israel for the Arab world, etc.). How to build a bridge without bridgeheads?&lt;br /&gt;            History also provides a lot of paradigms that are used metaphorically. These historical metaphors are cut from their context, are often based on distortion and ignorance of real History, and are transformed into universal and anachronistic models to describe the present situation or provide wishful-thinking solutions. This has not necessarily to do with bad faith, because here again metaphors can be used to foster confrontation as well as cohabitation. But, bad or good, Faith is a real issue.&lt;br /&gt;            Historical paradigms may substantiate the narrative of the confrontation: Roma versus Carthago, Islam versus Christianity, Europe versus the Ottoman Empire, and more recently, in the intellectual debate, crusades and Jihad, dhimmi and the “colonial subject”, Mont Saint Michel versus Cordoba etc. It is a story of conquest, crusades, battles (Poitiers, Granada, Lepanto, siege of Vienna), controversies (disputatio as the one mentioned by the Pope in his famous discourse of Regensburg in September 2006), piracy, slavery, and colonial expeditions from Egypt to Algeria. Borders are mobile but always oppose a “we” and an “other”: the moving line of castles in Castile, the coastal cities from the Maghreb versus the Hinterland and the “bled”, modern enclaves (Ceuta, West Bank settlements), the various walls and fences (from Melilla and Cyprus to the Israeli green line), not to speak of the destitute neighbourhoods in French suburbs or British inner cities. In this perspective whole populations change of status according some variations of borders and regimes: they may leave more or less voluntarily and experience the demotion of becoming refugees (Muslims leaving Andalusia for Morocco or the Balkans for Turkey, “Pieds-Noirs” leaving Algeria for France, Palestinians), they may be expelled (Moriscos and Jews, even when converted, from Catholic Spain), or be subjugated (either by forced conversion or by being turned into a lower status minority), or ends as part of the new modern underclass.&lt;br /&gt;            But another set of historical paradigms is called more and more often to substantiate the narrative of the peaceful cohabitation and fruitful dialogue between civilizations. Al Andalus is certainly the favourite paradigm, where the “three religions” were not only cohabiting at times but enriching each other. In this category we find also the kingdom of Sicilia under the German emperor Frederic II (12 th century), or the Ottoman empire after the reforms of the XIX th century. “Towards a new Andalusia” is a frequent motto to advocate new forms of cohabitation, including multi-culturalism among others. And here and there in Europe we see the burgeoning of associations called Avicenna or Averroes, exhibitions extolling the Islamic legacy in the European culture, books praising figures who crossed the cultural divide (Leo Africanus, the Emir Abdel Qader, Louis Massignon). As if the two models were Castile versus Andalusia, fences versus bridges, dialogue versus battle. Constantinople, Tangier, Alexandria, Thessaloniki, today Marseille and sometimes Haïfa (all being sea-ports) are often praised as successful cosmopolitan cities embodying the spirit of the perennial Mediterranean. “Métissage”, which badly translates into English, is celebrated by music festivals, fashion events, cooking books, movies, novels…&lt;br /&gt;             Due to the fact that few lasting political entities did embody such a co-habitation, culture is called upon to illustrate the richness of the civil societies versus the narrow-minded political and religious leaders. It is fashionable nowadays to praise the flexibility of the empires by opposition of the narrow-mindedness of the nation-states. The underlying idea is that the societies around the Mediterranean were more open and tolerant than their rulers, which may be true but says little about what should be the policies of our present governments. &lt;br /&gt;            The Mediterranean is thus presented as a civilization in itself, which imposes its perennial identity on local populations and fluctuant political entities. The Mediterranean becomes a pole, a hub, an organic entity. It is a metaphor in itself, embodied in the concept of “The Mediterranean according to Braudel”. Such a metaphor is making an interesting come-back with the concept of the Union for the Mediterranean. But what is this Mediterranean entity?&lt;br /&gt;            Etymology provides useful figures of speech. The Mediterranean is in the middle of something: Medium, Middle, Mittel, motawasset. This something is a “we”: it is our sea, “mare nostrum”. We are all Mediterranean people because we inhabit more or less close to the sea. But who are the “we” beyond a purely geographical dimension? In fact the “we” has almost always been defined first by a political power, even if it survived the decline and fall of this power. The “we” doesn’t share: the Roman Empire subjected or destroyed its rivals (Carthago). By the way, the destruction of Carthago is certainly not a good omen for the synthesis between East and West, between the Semitic and Hellenic legacies.&lt;br /&gt;            But civilizations appeared in turn to be more sustainable than empires: when empires collapsed, the civilization they have fostered survived and prospered. Empires became some sort of fathering ghosts. That’s true for both the Roman Empire and the Umayad Arab Caliphate. When Fernand Braudel wrote about the unity of the Mediterranean, he clearly conceived it as a Latin entity: Islam belongs to the Hinterland, the desert, the bled, and the Muslims who came to settle into Southern Mediterranean coastal cities joined, according to Braudel, a de facto Latin civilization. “We”, for Braudel, are clearly Christians and not Muslims: the model is assimilationnist, not multi-culturalist.&lt;br /&gt;            “Mare nostrum” was not just a European view. For many Arab scholars of the past, the “mare nostrum” is the dar ul islam, and an early debate arose among scholars concerning the fate of the Muslim minorities left behind after the reflux of Muslim political control (from Sicily in the XI century to Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1907).&lt;br /&gt;            In both cases, the “others” were defined as a minority which should either be expelled (Spain after the reconquista) or granted a specific status, but more as a tolerated minority that as full citizens (that was the case with the Arab caliphates and the Ottoman empire, but also for the western colonial powers when they defined a dual status system for the residents of their colonies: the “Europeans” and assimilated on one hand, and the “indigenous people” on the other hand). Inclusion meant toleration, not full integration. The “others” were seen as an extension or a bridgehead of the “other” civilization: the capitulations agreements between France and the Sublime Gate put the Middle Eastern Christians under the patronage of the Christian states, and thus transformed them, more or less willingly, to some sort of an extension of the West. And similarly, Muslims in Europe are often seen as a physical extension of Muslim countries (which for instance may turn back the “capitulations” system, by maintaining close ties, if not control, on Muslim communities in the West through consulates, religious institutions and migrants’ associations). In a word, “we” refers always to a political and territorial domination, even if other groups could be tolerated and even protected. This territorial vision entails of course a specific geo-strategic conception. To be more precise, the problem of geo-strategy as a discipline is that it is linked with a purely territorial perception of the world, as a mere set of flat maps. Geo-strategy is a science of the past, the science of “flatitude” and has little to say about dynamics and mobilities.&lt;br /&gt;  The status of minorities around the Mediterranean, after the XVI th century, became more an issue of foreign policy resulting in bilateral treaties, than a purely domestic one: minorities were protected precisely to the extend that they were seen as “foreign”; their fate was defined by international treaties (for instance in France the protestants that were protected by the treaties of Munster, 1624, and Westphalia, 1648, were not forced to convert or flee after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685; similarly the Treaty of Lausanne, 1923, protects the religious minorities of the former Ottoman empire). The link between freedom of religion and international law may have been a progress for tolerance, but has a lingering unattended consequence: religious minorities are perceived as foreign-sponsored groups. &lt;br /&gt;            The debate on the Mediterranean is obviously a way to define Europe, but more negatively than positively. If the Mediterranean is a border or a rift, then Europe is whatever is on the Northern tier of this frontier, and its center of gravity is more on the Rhine/ Po axis, corresponding to the former kingdom of Lotharingia. Conversely if the Mediterranean is at the center, then Northern Europe is rejected at the fringe. This is precisely what was at stake in the project of the “Union for the Mediterranean”, which was first expressed as “Union of the Mediterranean”. In fact instead of coming suddenly out of the blue this project is rooted on a far less known historical paradigm: that of an alliance between the Catholic and Latin countries on one hand with the Muslim Arabs on the other hand, in order to counterbalance a protestant anglo-saxon hegemony. Such a “Mare nostrum” concept was reactivated in the XIX th century mainly by French officials of the Second Empire: the European settlements in Algeria and the institution of a Catholic church in North Africa (later followed by the carving out of Christian Lebanon from Syria by the French) went along with the declaration of Napoleon III that he was heading both the French empire and an Arab kingdom. Catholic Christianity, allied with a declining Arab and Muslim civilization, was seen as a bulwark against the coming hegemony of a dynamic Anglo-Saxon protestant world: let us not forget that at the same time when Napoleon III re-activated the concept of a Christian “mare nostrum”, he launched the fateful campaign of Mexico, dreaming of a world catholic Latin coalition that could thwart the US expansion. But, even if some advisers of Napoleon III dreamt of a Franco-Arab axis, it was nothing more than an extension of western civilization to new populations: during the XIX th century, Islam was no more seen as a threat by the West but as a declining and decaying civilization: inter-European competition was one of the keys of the colonial expeditions. Should we consider that the same idea is back? The famous “politique arabe de la France” bears something of that dream, although De Gaulle granted independence to Algeria precisely because he did not believe in a “franco-arab” synthesis, which would have been the inevitable consequence of opening full citizenship to the “indigènes”.&lt;br /&gt;            The divide between Europe and Middle East may hide other fault-lines… It is not very far-fetched to see in the project of the Union for the Mediterranean an avatar of this anti-anglo-saxon alignment, and it has obviously been understood as such by Germany. Henri Guaino, a close adviser of president Sarkozy, is well known for his “souverainist”, anti-Brussels, neo-gaullist positions. This is a good example of an historical fantasy turned into a political driver by the power of speech, but doomed to remain little more than a rhetorical ghost, genuinely produced by a ghost-writer. &lt;br /&gt;II. &lt;br /&gt;            As I said, all these historical paradigms do not refer to an accurate description of what the Mediterranean is or has been. They are called to dispel the anxiety generated by new trends and tectonic changes and to provide some wishful thinking options. These historical paradigms look familiar, but they have been reconstructed and isolated from their broader context.&lt;br /&gt;            In fact the two paradigms of integration and confrontation are poor tools of explanation: they could be deconstructed to show how the past was more complex. On one hand, tolerance and dialogue have never been the driving force in history. When cohabitation did happen, it was not based on brotherhood and equality, but framed along hierarchical models: the dominant paradigm was that of cujus regio ejus religio, that is the adequation between territory, power and religion. Minorities could possibly exist, more easily in Muslim territories, but they were more tolerated than recognized as a permanent and legitimate presence.&lt;br /&gt;  On the other hand, there has almost never been such a thing as a popular and massive mobilization of two civilizations rallying under their religious banners to fight each other. The Muslim conquest did not meet a “Christian” resistance (many Christians did welcome it), and the Crusades did not meet an Islamic counter-Jihad. And, whatever the discourse of confrontation, there have always been accommodations, negotiation and reverse alliances, which are called in retrospect treason, cowardice and defeatism, because they are constructed from the point of view of the clash of civilization. During the crusades, when the Holy Seat had undoubtedly a confrontational approach, the concrete attitudes of many crusaders as well as Muslim rulers were far more ambiguous. Ibn Taymiyya, perceived in retrospect as the harbinger of modern radical Islam, castigated the local Muslim rulers for not having been concerned by the fall of Jerusalem in the hands of the crusaders: as he noted, the famous Muslim theologian, Ghazali, who was at that time commuting from Baghdad to Damascus, never mentioned jihad or even the Crusaders in his works.&lt;br /&gt;            In a symmetrical way, the kingdom of France, although dubbed “Church’s elder daughter” maintained a privileged relationship with the Ottoman Empire, while many other catholic countries were fighting it. I remember, in a conference in 2002, hearing Professor Bernard Lewis explaining the French refusal to join the US led coalition against Saddam Hussein by a historical paradigm: from François 1st to De Gaulle the French have always chosen a Muslim reverse alliance against their Western Christian cousins: the proof is their conspicuous absence from the battle of Lepanto (1571), as well as from the battle of Baghdad (2003). But what if compromise were the norm and confrontation the exception? After all the European countries fought far more wars against each others than against Muslims countries (the symmetric is true). And when general Lyautey said “a war between France and Germany is a civil war”, he was not a man of his time.&lt;br /&gt;            It is clear that the reading of these events as a proof of a clash of civilizations is largely a construction. Were Ghazali and François 1st cowards and traitors, or on the contrary more “modern” than the way they are presented by the partisans of the clash of civilizations? In the battle of Lepanto, the French monarch, castigated for not joining the Christian coalition, had probably a more modern view than the old narrative of the crusades: that of state-interest; he viewed the Ottoman Empire as a political power, not as an alternative civilisational or religious model. The modernity of the Nation-State made crusades obsolete.&lt;br /&gt;            But “modernity” in this sense is not necessarily more “tolerant”. The same French monarch that ignored the call for the crusade of Lepanto did preside over the Saint Bartholomew massacre of the Protestants one year after (1572). Suppressing the Protestants inside France and allying with Protestant or Muslim forces against fellow Latin Catholics indicates the emergence of a new model: the Nation/State, but not the emergence of a paradigm of “multi-culturalism” or tolerance for religious minorities.&lt;br /&gt;            The irenic “Andalus” model is of little use to establish a new set of rules for trans-Mediterranean cooperation: it was more the result of a balance of power than of the rise of a new paradigm of inter-religious relationships. &lt;br /&gt;            In fact the strict connection between a religion and a territory was certainly a major component in the emergence of the modern state, but not a characteristic for “empires” which have ruled huge territories around the Mediterranean. In a word, one of two main concepts at the basis of the theory of the clash/ dialogue of civilizations (the correspondence between a religion and a territory; -the other being the bind between religion and culture) is more a consequence of the emergence of the modern nation-state that a legacy of the last fifteen centuries. And it would not be very difficult to show that the growing autonomy of the secular power from the influence of the church led often to a more restrictive policy in favour of religious homogeneity (from Gallicanism to “laïcité”, from Suleiman to Ataturk). For instance Philippe 4th of France attacked the Pope in Italy and expelled the Jews from France in the same time, and I would add, in the same move (primacy of the State); while the Papacy had usually showed a more tolerant attitude towards Jewish communities settled in its territory.&lt;br /&gt;            Cujus regio, ejus religio (the people should have the religion of the ruler) was a tool of homogenization of the nation/ state. Of course these nation-states had to deal with the fact that they were not homogenous. But when religious minorities were accepted it has been for a long period under the concept of “tolerance” not full citizenship (see for instance the “toleration edicts” towards the other Christian minorities: France 1787, GB 1829, Spain in 1968). It took a long time for the European states to shift from toleration to citizenship as far as religious minorities were concerned. But the association between religious minorities and a “foreign” influence remains strong in the political imaginary (and it is not confined to Muslim minorities in Europe, or Christian minorities in the Middle East: evangelical Protestantism is often decried as a tool of US influence). We saw how this association has been re-enforced by the use of international law to protect religious and national minorities.&lt;br /&gt;            The endeavour to territorialize religion has more to do here with the history of the modern State, than with the birth and extension of different civilisational models. But this territorialisation has become now one of the main premises of the paradigm of the clash/dialogue of civilizations. It has been cast as a myth of origin, when civilizations, in a typical XIX th century view, grow and develop as some sort of organic entities, but such an interpretation misses the legal and political dynamics of state constructions. &lt;br /&gt;III.&lt;br /&gt;            In fact the success of metaphors and historical paradigms comes not from their geographical or historical accuracy but from their ability to express a continuity of perception, which is nevertheless put into question by the construction of Europe. This perception is that the close connection between territory, religion and culture is still at work. Europe is using, to understand itself, intellectual tools that have nothing to do with its own construction.&lt;br /&gt;            These tools took the forms of two models of policy, both officially aiming at insuring the integration of the second generation of Muslim migrants: the mostly French assimilationnist model, and the Northern European “multi-culturalist” model. Although apparently in total contradiction, they in fact share the same premise: there is a permanent connection between religion and culture. In the assimilationist model, new citizens should join a new national secular political culture, and thus had to give up their faith or to keep it in the private: to join a new culture is to join a new definition of religion and to embrace a secularism that has explicitly been constructed against religion (laïcité). In the multiculturalist model, “religion” is perceived as being permanently linked with a pristine culture and thus both terms (religion and culture) are used as almost synonymous: “Muslim” tend to be used as a neo-ethnic term and not as a reference to an individual faith (hence the head-lines on the “Muslim riots” in France suburbs). I will argue that both models are in fact modern transcription of the old principle “cujus regio-ejus religio”.&lt;br /&gt;            For the French model, assimilation is conditioned by a prerequisite: secularization. In a word there could be integration only if religion is restricted to the private sphere. Laïcité is more or less expressed as the official “religion”: instead of being cast merely in terms of neutrality (which is both the letter and the spirit of the Law) it is too often presented as a system of positive values which supersedes the religions. Assimilation here has something to do with the process of conversion, and the State may have the right to check the conformity with the model (see for instance the decision of the Conseil d’Etat to confirm the denial of citizenship to a burqa-wearing Moroccan woman). Hence laïcité appears more as a state ideology, or at least as a national political culture, than as just a set of the rules of the game. It is implicitly cast as some sort of an “official” religion. I don’t want to make a too far-fetched comparison, but it has something to with the forced conversions imposed on new subjects (Spain after Granada).&lt;br /&gt;            Conversely for the multi-culturalist model, the second generations of immigrants should be allowed, and even encouraged, to stick with their pristine culture: that of the country of origin. But the group is defined as a “minority”, where religious and ethnic patterns are lumped together. Multi-culturalism is not “métissage” because it does not suppose a synthesis, a quest for a higher identity that could subsume the pristine identities, beyond the purely legal definition of citizenship. The model which makes a come-back here is the ottoman model of the millet: it is quite logical to hear proposals to integrate some part of the sharia into a personal status code that could be managed through religious courts of arbitration (as the Archbishop of Canterbury proposed last year). Moreover, to use a religious criterion to define the minority means that symmetrically the dominant group is also defined by its religion, even if it is a secularized form of that religion. We still are in the “cujus regio ejus religio”. It is not by chance that Prime Minister Tony Blair waited to leave Downing Street before announcing his conversion to Catholicism. &lt;br /&gt;            In this sense the policy of the European states is a policy of re-territorialisation, instead of acknowledging the contemporary forms of mobilities (religious, ethnic, geographic or even occupational mobilities): territorializing the second generation of migrants, either by assimilation or by granting them a status of minority, and re-territorializing the populations of the Southern shores of the Mediterranean to prevent them to move towards the north. This has been the thread-line since the launching of the Barcelona process. To sum up:&lt;br /&gt;-preventing new migrations by developing the southern Mediterranean tier.&lt;br /&gt;-integrating Muslims settled in Europe through a policy of some sort of affirmative action.&lt;br /&gt;-defusing political radicalism by fostering peace between Israel and the Palestinians (which means that European Muslims are still perceived as constructing their political identity as foreign Middle Eastern actors).&lt;br /&gt;-preventing religious radicalization through a “dialogue with Islam”. And that too often means negotiating with the ruling regimes from the Middle East. This is tantamount to put in place a policy of reciprocal capitulations: the Europeans are supposed to protect the Christian Middle Eastern minorities (they failed, but feel guilty, see for instance the debate on the Armenian genocide), while Muslim states speak in the name of a supposedly Muslim diaspora in Europe (as some Arab countries tried to do during the Danish cartoons affair). The model of the late ottoman “millet” paradigm is back or most exactly never ceased to be at the core of the definition of a trans-Mediterranean peaceful co-existence.&lt;br /&gt;            The whole approach of the Mediterranean is still based on geo-strategic consideration of security, more than in the acknowledgement of an in-depth tectonic change. &lt;br /&gt;IV. &lt;br /&gt;            What is the problem with these models ? My point is not to advocate an idealist new model. The problem is that these paradigms just don’t work. The main trends that are at work around the Mediterranean need new models of understanding.&lt;br /&gt;            I will sum-up the main reasons why the old paradigms don’t work:&lt;br /&gt;1) Religions are more and more disconnected from the cultures in which they were embedded. Immigration and secularization have separated cultural and religious markers. Many Muslims consider nowadays that religious norms (for instance hallal food) could be applied in a western cultural context (hallal fast-food). Veil wearing is expressed more in terms of personal choice and freedom than as a wish to perpetuate a traditional culture. Fundamentalisms are both a consequence and a factor of deculturation: they shun and even fight the surrounding traditional cultures seen more as pagan than profane.&lt;br /&gt;2) To identify a religion with an ethnic culture is to ascribe to each believer a culture and/or an ethnic identity that he or she does not necessarily feel comfortable with. Conversely it supposes that any member of an ethnic community belongs to a faith, while he or she may in fact reject or just ignore it. To identify religion and culture runs against true religious freedom, which supposes also the right not to believe, and the right to change religion. Multi-culturalism has a problem to understand conversions, at a time when the issue of apostasy is becoming the cornerstone of the Europeanization of Islam.&lt;br /&gt;      Religions express themselves more and more as “faith communities” instead of established churches or ethno-national groups (with the exception of the Christian Eastern orthodoxies). It is not by chance that traditional middle-eastern Christian churches, embedded in centuries old cultures, are slowly disappearing, while protestant evangelicalism is making a breakthrough among Muslim societies, in North Africa as well as in the immigration. Conversely, Islamic fundamentalist movements in Europe (including radical ones) are full of converts. The culturally embedded religions are in crisis: the Catholic Church, the traditional forms of Islam, liberal Lutheran Protestantism, Christian orthodoxies, eastern Christian churches. They are challenged by evangelicalism, salafisme, and neo-Sufism.&lt;br /&gt;3) To identify religion and culture means also to identify European Muslim citizens as a “middle eastern diaspora », and thus to import the Middle Eastern conflicts into the European space, precisely at a time when this importation is defined as a source of potential tensions. I have no time to deal with that, but clearly the identification of second generation Muslims to the Palestinians through watching Al-Jazeera in Arabic has been largely exaggerated (no youngster who participated in the 2005 riots in France did wave a Palestinian flag, and if AJ decided to create a channel in English, it is precisely because few European Muslims are able to watch it in Arabic; -by the way the English channel is for more moderate precisely because it aims at a non Middle eastern audience). &lt;br /&gt;            Instead of trying to pursue an elusive multi-culturalism or to impose an assimilation based on a wrong perception of its “common values”, Europe should stick to its principles:&lt;br /&gt;    * To deal with religions as « mere » religions, not as the expression of cultures or ethnic group. To recognize the faith communities on the basis of an individual and free choice, to promote freedom of religion by treating equally all religions, but only as religions.&lt;br /&gt;    * Ethno-linguistic minorities should not be confused with faith communities. Both exist in the EU, but each kind of group should be dealt with different legal paradigms: freedom of religion is not the same thing as minority rights; although it could of course overlap (it is why for instance I am not happy with the term “islamophobia”). A faith is a choice, a racial or ethnic identity is, at least at the beginning, a given fact or an appellation bestowed from outside. The confusion between both does jeopardize the way citizenship and personal freedom have been constructed as the basic principles of political life.&lt;br /&gt;            Another last point is that the paradigms I am criticizing don’t reflect the new patterns of mobility and settlements around the Mediterranean. The bulk of migrations are coming from beyond the Mediterranean. We are no more at a time of a massive labour migration stemming from the Mediterranean countries. Fluxes are more fluid, circulation goes also in both directions: elderly Europeans are settling in Tunisia and Turkey for retirement, the jet-set has its fashionable quarters in Morocco. Many second generation graduates or entrepreneurs are looking for job opportunity or are investing in business and companies which precisely found an opportunity in playing on trans-Mediterranean joint-ventures (real-estate, travel agencies, import-export, medical activities, education, holydays resorts etc.). The increasing number of people with dual citizenship makes easier these new patterns of circulation. The informal or grey economy is also by definition playing on transnational networks which go far beyond family ties and “ethnic business”&lt;br /&gt;            Migrations from the Mediterranean areas are more flexible, temporary and reversible (I am not referring here to the new migrations coming from China, Iraq, Afghanistan or sub-sahelian Africa). In fact we should speak more of labour mobility or even of professional mobility than of labour migration: educated young Moroccans could have a French passport, take a job in London, then go back to Morocco to open a business, or fly to Abu-Dhabi. Instead, governments try to fix the population: restrictions on visa push people to move less, but also to stay when they are in the West, illegally or legally, while they could move in an easier way if they felt more secure on their administrative status. The social status of many from the second generations has improved and is slowly changing the matrimonial patterns. The old pattern (marrying a cousin from the bled in order to bring new family members into Europe) is not dead but increasingly replaced by a mobility of young graduates or young entrepreneurs. But students and relatives are treated too often as potential immigrants. The fact that a country like Turkey is almost no more exporting labour power is not taken into consideration. The process of territorialisation has been unable to stop illegal migrations while thwarting many positive dynamics for a mutual development. But once again this endeavour to territorialize the populations is a legacy of the territorial statist nation-state. &lt;br /&gt;            The process of the European construction runs against the paradigm of the nation state and is more in tune with contemporary forms of mobility. Often mocked and despised, the evolutive and elusive European Union, where flexibility and bureaucracy make strange but already mature bed-fellows, could perfectly deal with our Mediterranean complexity. Instead of aping the nation-state or dreaming of past empires, Europe could look positively as its own incompletion, a better tool to manage fluxes, de-territorialization and globalization. Europe has inaugurated a new relationship with territorialisation: there are different levels (the 27’s, Schengen, euro-zone) and a virtual permanent expansion, because of its inability to define a real border. As we saw this does not mean an open-space: borders have too many often been replaced by internal fences, walls and ghettos, but at least there is a juxtaposition of different spaces.&lt;br /&gt;            Europe is a self defining process with no ideological, cultural or religious pre-requisite: and this is good news! The debate on the European values is vitiated from the beginning: there could be no definition of European values except in terms of a formal legal system (freedom, democracy, state of law). If we try to define  positive values and a European culture, we have three choices: a Kulturkampf against the Catholic Church (joined by some others), a come back to a “Christian Europe” with norms in place of spirituality, or resettling the Vatican somewhere between Jerusalem and Mecca (but that’s still the Mediterranean !). We have no choice than to accept pluralism. &lt;br /&gt;            In conclusion, we should not try too much to define what the Mediterranean is, means or should be. It is not a lake; it is open sea, just to prove that we cannot get rid of metaphors. But if it is open, then we have to be careful with the notion of “Middle”, because it supposes a circumference, a closed circle. Let’s open the circle.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            Turkish has another way to call the Mediterranean: Ak Deniz, white sea, by opposition to Kara Deniz, black sea, -white for the white sands, and black for the black sands. But in fact, in Turkic languages, the opposition white and black is more classificatory than descriptive. And I remember that, when travelling in Central Asia, every time I left the remnants of a walled old town to confront the open space, I found a sign-post with the inscription “Ak Yol!”, “white road!” It means in fact “have a safe trip!” So let’s speak of Ak Deniz, the White Sea, for “have a safe sail!” And too bad for the Black Sea!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-5050472559866011559?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/5050472559866011559/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=5050472559866011559' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/5050472559866011559'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/5050472559866011559'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/04/mediterranean-and-its-metaphors.html' title='The Mediterranean and its metaphors'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-3705548931349534754</id><published>2009-04-05T12:14:00.003+02:00</published><updated>2009-04-05T14:54:25.628+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Una giornata speciale a Bologna</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="320" height="266" class="BLOG_video_class" id="BLOG_video-ab0179b928e182b4" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/get_player"&gt;&lt;param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF"&gt;&lt;param name="allowfullscreen" value="true"&gt;&lt;param name="flashvars" value="flvurl=http://v18.nonxt4.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?id%3Dab0179b928e182b4%26itag%3D5%26app%3Dblogger%26ip%3D0.0.0.0%26ipbits%3D0%26expire%3D1329991359%26sparams%3Did,itag,ip,ipbits,expire%26signature%3D84D2DD7A2F9E9756B2A94271CA4061911373ABF4.3369B35284404E16FE6A4B74B97EE988219B778C%26key%3Dck1&amp;amp;iurl=http://video.google.com/ThumbnailServer2?app%3Dblogger%26contentid%3Dab0179b928e182b4%26offsetms%3D5000%26itag%3Dw160%26sigh%3DVDNAasXsqWqdMCWBbkiMIU2yiRY&amp;amp;autoplay=0&amp;amp;ps=blogger"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/get_player" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"width="320" height="266" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"flashvars="flvurl=http://v18.nonxt4.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?id%3Dab0179b928e182b4%26itag%3D5%26app%3Dblogger%26ip%3D0.0.0.0%26ipbits%3D0%26expire%3D1329991359%26sparams%3Did,itag,ip,ipbits,expire%26signature%3D84D2DD7A2F9E9756B2A94271CA4061911373ABF4.3369B35284404E16FE6A4B74B97EE988219B778C%26key%3Dck1&amp;iurl=http://video.google.com/ThumbnailServer2?app%3Dblogger%26contentid%3Dab0179b928e182b4%26offsetms%3D5000%26itag%3Dw160%26sigh%3DVDNAasXsqWqdMCWBbkiMIU2yiRY&amp;autoplay=0&amp;ps=blogger"allowFullScreen="true" /&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ricordando il 13 dicembre 2008 ... il Prof. Edvaldo Brito a Bologna tiene il suo intervento nell'ambito del convegno organizzato dall'Università degli Studi alla presenza anche dei Corsisti del Master in Diritto tributario "A. Berliri".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dedico questo breve frammento a Thomas Tassani, che quel giorno sfortunatamente non era con noi. Thomas mi dispiace, purtroppo non ho registrato tutto l'intervento ...&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8344127486511811392-3705548931349534754?l=dirittotributario.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='enclosure' type='video/mp4' href='http://www.blogger.com/video-play.mp4?contentId=ab0179b928e182b4&amp;type=video%2Fmp4' length='0'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/feeds/3705548931349534754/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8344127486511811392&amp;postID=3705548931349534754' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/3705548931349534754'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8344127486511811392/posts/default/3705548931349534754'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dirittotributario.blogspot.com/2009/04/blog-post.html' title='Una giornata speciale a Bologna'/><author><name>Dott. Marco Greggi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13962054582468767174</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='26' height='32' src='http://bp0.blogger.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/R4uSebDSnnI/AAAAAAAAA5E/2MXp-tL7kwU/S220/greggi.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8344127486511811392.post-5947493908234687744</id><published>2009-04-05T11:07:00.006+02:00</published><updated>2009-04-05T16:04:27.059+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Seminari di diritto tributario</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/Sdh33sujDqI/AAAAAAAACNE/a14PLq3kgAU/s1600-h/manifesto_5.png"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 226px; height: 320px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_mo6-p4REDJQ/Sdh33sujDqI/AAAAAAAACNE/a14PLq3kgAU/s320/manifesto_5.png" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5321134758521147042" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finalmente dopo qualche contrattempo sono in grado di comunicare le date dei seminari (ce ne saranno solo due) di diritto tributario e di diritto tributario internazionale.&lt;br /&gt;il primo dei due dal tiolo &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Pactum immunitatis. Un caso di contenzioso tributario nella Napoli del XVII secolo&lt;br /&gt;Parte prima: necessità finanziarie e divieto d’usura. Gli strumenti per aggirare il divieto. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Si terrà il 15 aprile 2009, dalle 11.00 alle 13.00 direttamente nello studio del Prof. Di Pietro (3° Piano del palazzo di Facoltà).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Causa il numero limitato di posti (una decina appena) si consiglia di confermare  la propria partecipazione per email.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Il secondo sarà dedicato a&
